基于农业种植结构的黑龙港地区水资源供需平衡分析

黑龙港地区是华北平原水资源最为缺乏的地区,同时又是重要的农业生产基地。该区地表水资源短缺且污染严重,农作物需水主要依赖降雨和开采地下水资源。分析了该区现行农业种植结构和水资源时空分布格局,研究了不同农作物对水资源的时空需求,并基于农业种植结构开展了区域水资源供需平衡状态评价。评价结果表明,研究区普遍存在水资源供需不平衡的问题,尤以黑龙港北半部地区最为突出,种植结构与水资源空间分布格局匹配程度很差,作物需水量大,水资源供给不足。针对这一突出问题,应调整农业种植结构,研发多源水资源综合开发技术,建立分时空供水机制。

Supplies and Demands Balance of Water Resource in Consideration of Agricultural Cultivation Structure in Heilonggang District

Heilonggang area is one of the districts that have most serious shortage of water resources in North China plain.At the same time,it is also a major production base for grains and cotton in Hebei Province.Because of the lack of surface water and the wide-spread pollution,the water demand from crops in the district depends only on rainwater and groundwater.In this study,agricultural cultivation structure and water resource distribution were analyzed,and the water demands of different types of crops were also addressed.Furthermore,the supply and demand balance of water resources was evaluated in consideration of cultivation structure.The evaluation result shows that the supply and demand of water resources was generally unbalanced in the district,especially in the north part of the district.Agricultural cultivation structure mismatched with water resource distribution;many areas lack of water resources were cultivated with high water-demanding crops.In order to solve this problem,the agricultural cultivation structure should be adjusted,with necessary enhancement in multi-dimensional technologies of water resource utilization and optimization of water supply system.