彭州市龙门山震后迹地植物群落生态恢复初探

汶川大地震不仅造成大量人员伤亡,并且严重破坏社会财产和生态环境。通过对彭州市龙门山区域选取地震崩塌地(地震创面裸地)、泥石流裸地(大型泥石流冲积扇)、滑坡体(整体滑坡)、居住地(灾后居民安置点)4类具有代表性区域进行样地调查和采样,分析了不同地震灾毁情况下植物群落恢复状况。结果表明:各类样地多样性指数大小为泥石流冲积扇>滑坡体>地震崩塌地>居民安置点;居民安置点与其他3类恢复地的多样性指数有明显差异,相似度也较低。说明这类群落恢复到原生群落可能需要较长的时间;土壤有机碳含量变化趋势为泥石流冲积扇>滑坡体>地震崩塌迹地,微生物量碳和易氧化态碳含量为滑坡体>泥石流裸地>地震崩塌地,而可溶性有机碳含量为地震崩塌地>泥石流裸地>滑坡体,表明在不同迹地上土壤有机碳不同组分的恢复进程存在差异。

The Ecological Restoration of Plant Communities of Earthquake-Damaged Sites of Longmen Mountains in Pengzhou:A Preliminary Study

The devastation resulting from Wenchuan earthquake caused the largest number of casualties and injuries,and the most serious damage of social property and destruction of local ecosystems and environment.Restoration communities of 4 types of typical plots of earthquake site,i.e.,(Earthquake wound bareland),bare mud-rock flow(Large debris flow alluvial fan),landslide(Overall decline),and residence(Resettlement in post-disaster),had been investigated in Pengzhou in summer 2011,and biodiversity indices and soil organic carbon fractions of communities had been analyzed to determined ecological restoration status of these earthquake-damaged sites after 3 years of the Wenchuan earthquake.The results showed that restoration of communities under different status of destroy influenced by the earthquake showed that the diversity index in these plots followed the sequence of landslides alluvial fan>landslide>earthquake landslides>resident settlements,the diversity index of residents settlements was significantly different from the others,and with a low similarity.The result showed that this type of community recovery to native community might take longer.The change trends of organic carbon content in soil was in the order of landslides alluvial fan>landslide>Earthquake Landslides.Microbial biomass carbon and easily oxidizable carbon contents were in the order of landslide>landslides alluvial fan>earthquake landslides,and dissolved organic carbon content was in the order of earthquake landslides>bare mud-rock flow>landslide,which indicateed that there were differences among the restoration process of different components of soil carbon in different trace-land.