宁夏贺兰山东麓荒漠草原区春季鸟类群落结构及多样性

为了保护贺兰山东麓荒漠草原区的鸟类资源,2010年1-6月,采用路线统计法对宁夏贺兰山东麓，东至西干渠区域的鸟类物种多样性和群落结构进行研究,共记录到鸟类143种,隶属17目39科。其中,古北界鸟类112种,占调查区鸟类种数的78.3%。居留型主要以夏候鸟和留鸟为主，占调查区鸟种70.6%。根据鸟类栖息地的生境类型,将贺兰山东麓的鸟类划分为5个群落,其中,浅水沼泽的鸟类群落多样性指数最高，为3.47。洪积扇酸枣灌丛次之。农田（葡萄园）鸟类多样性指数最低，为1.17。洪积扇酸枣灌丛鸟类群落均匀性最高，为0.89。农田（葡萄园）鸟类均匀性指数最低。结果显示贺兰山东麓生境多样，鸟类物种丰富，具有较高的保护价值。

Community Structure and Diversity of Birds in Desert Steppe at the Eastern Foothills of Helan Mountain, Ningxia in Spring

In order to protect the bird resources of desert steppe at the eastern foothills of Helan mountain, the bird community and diversity of the area from the eastern foothills of Helan mountain to the Xigan ditch were investigated in the first half year of 2010. There are 143 species of birds recorded, belonging to 39 families, 17 orders. Among them, the Palearctic realm is 78.3% of the total species. According to the distribution, the summer migratory and the resident bird are in the dominant position, accounting for 70.6% of the total species. Based on their habitat and environment type, the whole species was divided into 5 communities, among them, the community diversity index in marsh is the highest (3.47), the wild jujube shrub in proluvial fan is taken second place, the farmland(vineyard) is the lowest(1.17). The homogeneity index of the wild jujube shrub in proluvial fan is the highest (0.89),while the farmland(vineyard) is the lowest. All the results underlie the species conservation and development of National Nature Reserve of Helan mountain.