鄱阳湖刀鲚生殖群体特征及状况分析

研究鄱阳湖刀鲚群体的生殖特征和条件状况,为制定开发利用渔业资源的政策提供基础资料,以实现鄱阳湖刀鲚资源的可持续开发和保护。2013、2014年4-7月,分别在鄱阳湖及湖口八里江段进行了实地渔业资源调查,随机抽样定置网、流刺网和拖网采集的鄱阳湖刀鲚样本共658尾,测量了体长、体重、净重、性腺重和性别。雌性287尾、雄性371尾,体长18.6~38.1 cm、体重16.3~198.2 g。雌性刀鲚的体长和体重均大于雄性(P0.01),雌、雄个体的体长和体重差异均为极显著(P0.01)。随着体长的增加,雌雄体重差异越大;同等体长的雌性体重大于雄性。6月中旬、下旬的刀鲚卵巢发育仍参差不齐,有些可挤出卵粒,已发育到Ⅳ期末和Ⅴ期,有些还处在Ⅳ期初,但成熟系数在2.0以下的个体数量已显著减少。绝对繁殖力为960~13 820粒,相对繁殖力为123.4~753粒/g。平均丰满度为0.30±0.03(0.19~0.45)。鄱阳湖刀鲚雌雄比在1∶1.25~1.44,表现出雄多雌少的现象;刀鲚繁殖种群已呈现出逐渐变小的趋势,资源已出现严重的过度利用。

Reproductive Characteristics and Situation of Coilia ectenes (Engraulidae) in Poyang Lake

To survey the reproductive characteristics and conditions of the stock of spawning migration Coilia ectenes in Poyang Lake, C. ectenes samples were collected during the spawning migration periods from 2013 to 2014. To understand the reproduction status of the C. ectenes, some biological parameters were analyzed, such as body-length, body-weight, gonad-weight. The result revealed: (1) The sex ratio of female to male of Coilia ectenes in Poyang Lake was 1: 1.25-1.44 with a male female phenomenon. (2) The changes between body-length and body-weight of Coilia ectenes showed the reproductive population of Coilia ectenes in Poyang Lake had taken on a progressively smaller trend, and fishery resources has rapidly being depleted due to over-exploitation.