洞庭湖平原土地利用变化研究——以湖南南县为例

利用1983~2003年土地统计资料,运用数理统计分析方法,选取土地利用动态变化相关模型,对湖南南县20年土地利用变化的时空特征进行了分析。结果表明:①土地利用类型以耕地和水域占主导地位,土地利用率和垦殖率高。②土地利用结构发生了明显变化,耕地、牧草地、居民点及工矿用地、林地和未利用地所占比例有所减小,园地、交通用地、水域所占比例有所增加。③土地利用变化速度较快,年均变化率为0.57%,反映南县土地利用受人类活动影响强烈。园地的变化速度最大,其次是牧草地和林地,再次是水域、未利用地、交通用地和耕地,而居民点及工矿用地变化最小。④土地利用程度较高,土地利用程度变化率小于零,全县土地利用处于调整期。⑤人类活动对景观格局有较为明显的影响,土地利用/覆盖多样性指数和均匀度指数呈下降趋势,优势度指数则呈上升趋势。

Analysis of Land Use Change in Dongting Lake Plain

The temporal and spatial characteristics of land use change in Nanxian County of Hunan Province was analyzed according to the materials from 1983 to 2003.The conclusions was as follows:①the cultivated land and water areas account for more than 85 percent of the total land area of Nanxian County,and the rate of land use and the rate of cultivation were high;② the land use structure had an obviously change.There was a decrease in cultivated land,herb land and residential area,and the rate of land used for industrial and mining,the forest land and unutilized ground trended to minimum,but there was an increase in field,traffic land and water areas;③the speed of land use change was very fast for recent 20 years,and the land use pattern changed heavily and first one was garden field;the second,herb land and forest land;the third,water area,unutilized ground,traffic land and cultivated land again,and the minimum change,the residential area and land used for industrial and mining;④ over the past 20 years,the land use intensity was relatively high,the change rate of the land use degree was less than zero,which proved that this district land use was being adjusted;⑤ during 20 years,the human activity had obvious influence on landscape pattern and the index of view diversity.The indexes of view evenness showed a tendency to reduce,but the indexes of view dominance showed a tendency to increase.