春小麦产量和品质性状的杂种优势和配合力分析

试验选用５个优质春小麦品种（系）与５个丰产春小麦品种，采用５×５不完全双列杂交配成２５个组合，分别对生物学产量、株高、穗长、小穗数、穗粒数、经济产量和收获指数等产量性状以及蛋白质含量和沉淀值等品质性状进行了杂种优势和配合力分析。结果表明：⑴ｔ测验结果表明，亲本与杂种两组群在生物学产量、穗长、穗粒数、经济产量和蛋白质含量上的差异达到０．０５显著水平，表明这些性状存在明显的杂种优势。⑵通过一般配合力相对效应分析，认为中８１３１和９３ １０３９为２个优质亲本，武春１号、甘春１６号为２个丰产亲本；杂种综合优势指数法和配合力分析表明，中８１３１×甘春１６号、９３ １０３９×张春９号、９３ １０３９×武春１号、中８１３１×武春１号和９３ １０３９×甘春１６号等组合在丰产与优质结合方面表现突出。⑶一般配合力和特殊配合力基因型方差的比较表明，株高、穗长、经济产量、收获指数和蛋白质含量的一般配合力变异幅度远大于特殊配合力变异幅度，对于这些性状，针对一般配合力选择效果更好。通径分析结果表明，对所研究的各性状，一般配合力比特殊配合力更重要，其中，对株高、穗长、经济产量、收获指数和蛋白质含量尤为重要。

Analysis of Heterosis and Combining Ability for Yield and Quality Characters of Spring Wheat

The experiment using a incomplete dialed crosses design 5×5, five good quality varieties or lines were crossed with five high yield varieties to get 25 crosses in order to evaluate the heterosis and combining ability of yield characters of biomes yield, plant height, spike length, seed numbers per spike, seed yield per spike and harvest index, and quality characters of protein content and sedimentation value in spring wheat (T.eastvum). The result indicated that: (1)The mean heterosis of biomes yield, spike length, seed numbers per spike, seed yield per spike and protein content were significant at 0.05 level. (2) Zhong 8131and 93 1039 were the best two parents for quality, Wuchun No.1 and Ganchun No.16 were the best patents for yield breeding. Zhong 8131×Ganchun No.16, Zhong 8131×Wuchun No.1, 93 1039×Zhangchun No.9 etc. had significant advantages in the combination of high yield and good quality in all crosses. (3)The comparison of variance ratios of GCA and SCA showed that the selection of plant height, spike length, seed yields perspire, harvest index and protein content should lay emphasis GCA. The path coefficient showed that GCA was also more important than SCA, especially in plant height, spike length, seed yield per spike, harvest index and protein content.