理化处理诱导合子染色体加倍选育青杨派杂种四倍体

利用四倍体与二倍体杂交是培育植物三倍体的最有效途径。为提高四倍体诱导效率,分别施加0.5%秋水仙碱和38～44℃高温对授粉后6～9d的‘哲引3号杨’花序进行处理,对理化处理诱导合子染色体加倍选育杨树四倍体的技术方法进行了初步探索,获得青杨派杂种四倍体8株。其中,施加0.5%秋水仙碱溶液浸泡处理授粉后7d的‘哲引3号杨’花序24h,获得四倍体3株;施加38、41和44℃高温处理授粉后7～8d的‘哲引3号杨’花序4h,获得四倍体5株。推测授粉后7～8d可能是‘哲引3号杨’受精后合子发生第一次有丝分裂较为集中的时期,适时施加理化处理可以获得一定比例的四倍体植株。

Tetraploid induction of Populus hybrid in section Tacamahaca through zygotic chromosome doubling with physical and chemical treatments

Crossing tetraploid with diploid is the most effective approach for triploid production in plants. In order to increase the efficiency of tetraploid induction, techniques of inducing tetraploids through zygotic chromosome doubling of Populus were studied preliminarily, treating female catkins of P.pseudo-simonii× P. nigra ‘Zheyin 3#’ 6－9 days after pollination with 0.5% colchicine solution and 38－44℃ high temperature, and 8 tetraploids were produced. In these tetraploids, three were produced by immersing catkins of P. pseudo-simonii × P. nigra ‘Zheyin 3#’ 7 days after pollination with 0.5% colchicine solution for 24 h; five were obtained by treating the catkins 7－8 days after pollination with 38, 41 and 44℃ high temperature for 4 h. According to the results, it is inferred that the first mitosis of zygotes of the ‘Zheyin 3#’ is probable to take place 7－8 days after pollination, which is fit to enforce treatments to induce tetraploids.