猕猴桃辐射诱变育种研究初报

为了给猕猴桃辐射诱变育种提供参考借鉴，用60Co-γ射线处理2个猕猴桃品种幼芽并在大龄成株上进行高位嫁接，每株砧木树嫁接30~50个芽，连续几年选择有益突变体扩繁，对选育的新品系进行性状调查测定。在用25 GY处理的后代嫁接枝条中，最终选育出2个各具特色的新品系：‘和平辐照1号’和‘红阳大果’。新品系的物候期与对照相同，而形态性状则出现程度不同的变化。‘红阳大果’的丰产性能得到改善。从果实品质方面看，2个新品系的总糖含量和维生素C含量均比对照显著增加。‘红阳大果’的可溶性蛋白含量亦比对照显著增加。适宜猕猴桃幼芽60CO-γ射线辐射育种的剂量在25~50 GY之间。大龄砧高位密接技术有效地解决了需要大群体选择少数有益突变的问题。60Co-γ射线辐射处理猕猴桃幼芽与大龄砧高位密接相结合是一条快速选育猕猴桃新品种的有效新途径。

The Preliminary Study on Radiation Breeding in Kiwifruit

The aim of this study was to provide the reference for the radiation breeding of kiwifruit.After treated with 60 Co-γ ray,buds from different fruit spurs of two Actinidia varieties were top grafted onto the heavily pruned mature vines with 50-100 grafted buds per adult stock plant.The favorable variants were selected and propagated for several successive years,and the characteristics of new developed strains were investigated.From the progeny vines produced from 25 GY-radiated grafted buds,two new strains with distinctive characteristics were finally developed:’ Heping radiation No.1 ’ and ’ Hongyang large fruit ’.Compared with the control varieties,the new strains exhibited the same phenophase,while the morphological characters showed some differences.The yielding ability of ’ Hongyang large fruit ’ had been improved.As for fruit quality,the content of total sugar and vitamin C of two new strains increased significantly in comparison with control varieties.Furthermore,the content of soluble protein of ’ Hongyang large fruit ’ was greater than that of its control.The suitable dosage of 60 Co-γ ray radiation breeding with kiwifruit buds was between 25 and 50 GY.The multiple top grafting techniques effectively solved the problem that a large population with numerous individuals was required to screening the very few favorable mutations.It was an effective novel way for kiwifruit breeding to combine 60 Co-γ ray radiation treatment of kiwifruit buds with multiple top grafting on adult stock plants.