大豆种间杂交育种技术的研究与应用

利用４７８个种间杂交组合和３０７个回交组合进行大豆种间杂交育种技术的研究。提出亲本选配原则,克服种间杂种后代蔓生、小粒、粒色深等野生不良性状的技术;明确了种间杂种主要性状的选择潜力,在种间杂种早代性状选择、后代群体规模、回交改良时期及决选世代等方面的种间杂交选育新技术。直接利用野生大豆种质育成“吉林小粒１号”新品种,１９９０年通过吉林省的品种审定并出口创汇。利用种间杂交新技术创造出主茎有效节数２５个以上、单株荚数１５０个以上以及蛋白质含量５０％左右的直立型育种中间材料;育成一批大粒高产优良新品系,现已进入省区试或省预试。

Study and Utilization of Techniques of Soybean Interspecific Cross in Breeding

Since 1979, 478 interspecific crosses and 307 backcrosses were made tostudy the usage of wild soybean to improve cultivated soybean. We have studied the mathods and rules of usage of wild soybean in soybean breeding and the techniques of parent selection and erect plant selection. Techniques of backcross and selection for agronomic characters of progenies from interspecific crosses were studied. Our results show that it is possible to improve cultivated soybean by the use of wild soybean germplasm,and interspecifichybridization is a new way for soybean breeding. We have obtained some lines with over150 pods per plant and some lines with protein content over 50%. The new soybean variety"Jilin Xiao Li No. 1"was selected directly from the cross (G. max×G. soja). It is registeredin Jilin province on April 1990.