广东花生品种遗传多样性ISSR分析

【目的】为花生种质资源的保存、评价、利用以及杂交亲本的选择提供依据，提高花生育种效率。【方法】用CTAB法提取花生基因组DNA，利用ISSR分子标记分析35份花生材料的遗传多样性和亲缘关系。【结果】筛选的11个ISSR引物从35份材料中扩增出60条清晰条带，其中37条具有多态性，多态性比率为61．67％，种质问遗传相似系数变化范围为0．65～0．97，平均值为0．820通过聚类分析，在35份材料中有33份材料可聚为一大类，而湛油26和湛油37独自聚为一类。【结论】广东省花生品种的遗传相似性较高，多态性不丰富，遗传基础极为狭窄，遗传改良后劲不足，高产优质、专用多抗品种的选育还需要引进优良外来亲本。

ISSR based genetic diversity analysis of peanut varieties in Guangdong

Objective]The present experiment was conducted to assess the genetic diversity amongst peanut varieties in order to evaluate and protect peanut germplasm resources for their efficient application breeding programs to develop new peanut varieties. Method]The genomie DNA was isolated by using CTAB method. Eleven pairs of ISSR primers were used to analyze the genetic diversity and relationship amongst 35 peanut varieties. Result]Sixty bands were clearly amplified from genomic DNAs of 35 varieties, of which 37 bands showed polymorphism with 61.67% polymorphic rate. The genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 0.65 to 0.97, with the average of 0.82. The cluster analysis results indicated that 35 peanut varieties could be clustered into 2 groups. Among all the varieties, 33 were clustered into one group and the varieties Zhanyou 26 and Zhanyou 37 in another group. Conclusion ]The peanut varieties of Guangdong showed relatively higher genetic similarities, infertile polymorphism and genetic basis, and lack of potential in genetic improvement. Therefore, the breeding of varieties with high-yield, good quality traits and multiple resistance need to introduce some excellent foreign parental materials.