广西甘蔗育种四大优良亲本

通过对广西３５年（１９５６－１９９０）甘蔗有性杂交育种的亲本组合资料进行整理，结果表明，用从国外引进的ＣＰ４９／５０、Ｃｏ４１９和国内自育的Ｆ１３４、华南５６／１２等４个品种作为父、母本选配杂交组合的次数均在１００次以上。直接育成品种１３个，占广西自育品种的８６．６％。其中，用ＣＰ４９／５０育成品种８个，占５３．３％；用Ｆ１３４育成品种５个，占３３．３％；用华南５６／１２育成品种４个，占２６．７％；用Ｃｏ４１９育成品种３个，占２０％。从上述４大优良亲本的系谱中可以看出，广西３５年来育成的１５个甘蔗品种皆含甘蔗热带种、印度种和割手密三大＂种＂血缘，种质血缘比较贫乏。因此，在今后的甘蔗育种中要不断探索我国丰富的割手密资源以及其它甘蔗近缘植物的利用新途径。

Four Main Parents of Sugarcane Breeding in Guangxi

The pedigrees data of Guangxi sugarcane clones bred through hybridization breeding during 1956-1990 were studied. Results show that two foreign varieties of CP49/50,Co419 and two local varieties of F134, Huanan56/12 were used as parents for hybridization of hundred times from which having bred 13 commercial varieties, occupying 86. 6% of the total Guangxi-bred varieties. Eight of them were bred from CP49/50, five from F134, four from Huanan 56/12 and three from C0419. They occupied the varieties rate of 53.3%, 33.3%, 26. 7% and 20% respectively.From the pedigrees of the four main parents, it may be noted that all the 15 sugarcane varieties, bred by Guangxi Sugarcane Research Institute were derived from three species namely S. lofficinarum, S. barberi and S. spontaneum. showing that the genetic base is too narrow and the germplasms are very limited. Thus it is necessary to find new germplasms to add to the breeding program. Henceforth to broaden the germplasms, genotypes of the local wild S. spontaneum and the other relatives must be studied.