Detection of candidate R genes and single nucleotide polymorphisms for downy mildew resistance in maize inbred lines by association analysis |
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Authors: | Arunee Wongkaew Chalermpol Phumichai Julapark Chunwongse Sansern Jampatong Pichet Grudloyma Taweesak Pulam Weerasak Doungchan |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand 2. Department of Horticulture, Kasetsart University, Kamphaengsaen Campus, Kamphaeng Saen, Nakhon Pathom, 73140, Thailand 3. National Corn and Sorghum Research Center, Inseechandrastitya Institute for Crop Research and Development, Kasetsart University, Klang Dong, Pak Chong, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30320, Thailand 4. Nakhon Sawan Field Crop Research Center, Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, Phahon Yothin, Tak Fa, Nakhon Sawan, 60190, Thailand 5. Sweet Seeds Co., Ltd., 16/13 Moo 13, Praputhabat, Saraburi, 18120, Thailand 6. Bangkok Seeds Industry Co., Ltd., PO Box 13, Sawankalok, Sukhothai, 64110, Thailand
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Abstract: | Downy mildew (DM) is a plant disease that strongly limits maize production. The resistance (R) genes for this disease have been identified and characterized and serve as important tools for plant disease evaluation. In this study, partial genes for PIC15, PO145579, and zmcf5 were identified and analyzed in a panel of 60 public and private maize inbred lines using bioinformatics and statistics tools. These candidate R genes exhibited an average nucleotide diversity value of 0.015. The negative Tajima’s D values for these genes suggested that purifying selection has played a role in the evolution of maize DM resistance genes. In addition, linkage disequilibrium among these genes occurred across an extent of ~ 200 bp. Using association analysis methods, a general linear model, and a mixed linear model, five polymorphisms within the partial PIC15 and PO145579 genes were detected and associated with DM disease. These are new polymorphisms that have not previously been reported in association with DM disease traits. Therefore, correlations between these new polymorphisms and DM disease in these germplasm collections could advance the development of a functional marker for marker-assisted selection of DM disease resistance in maize breeding programs. |
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