动物核酸疫苗研究进展

核酸疫苗又称为基因疫苗、DNA疫苗,是20世纪90年代初从基因治疗研究领域发展起来的一种全新疫苗,具有能够激发机体体液和细胞免疫反应、不散毒、便于储存和运输等优点,是近年来研究的一个热点。抗原编码基因的选择、质粒的构建(包括启动子和增强子以及内含子的选择)、各种佐剂的应用以及疫苗接种方法和途径等因素可以提高和改变DNA疫苗的免疫效果与反应类型,已经有很多研究试图通过改变这些因素来提高DNA疫苗的免疫效果,为研制出高效实用的DNA疫苗提供了许多新思路。重要动物传染病包括流感、鸡新城疫、口蹄疫等的核酸疫苗得到了较深入研究,为其他疾病核酸疫苗的研究提供了有价值的参考。

Progress on Nucleic Acid Vaccine in Animal

Nucleic acid vaccine,also called gene vaccine or DNA vaccine,is a newly-developed vaccine,which derived from gene therapy in the early 1990s.From then on it absorbs researchers' attention because of so many advantages,including its ability to induce both cellular and humoral immune responses,no way to spread virus and easy to deposit and transportation.Researchers have designed various strategies to enhance the DNA vaccine potency,including the selection of different DNA encoding-Ag,constructing different plasmid vectors(including selecting different promoter,enhancer and intron),using various adjuvants and different delivery strategies,which provide useful method to produce efficient and practical DNA vaccine.Some main animal infectious diseases,such as influenza,Newcastle disease and foot-and-mouth disease,had been studied deeply,which provide worthy candidate to study other diseases.