长期施肥下紫色土小麦肥料利用率及增产效应

通过7 a田间定位试验,研究了紫色土小麦氮磷钾肥的当季利用率和累积利用率,以及长期不同施肥对肥料养分增产效应的影响.结果表明,NPK处理小麦的氮、磷、钾利用率最高,分别为40.35%,12.94%和21.10%,是最佳施肥配合;非N配合的PK处理小麦对磷肥和钾肥的利用率均较低,即在不施用氮肥的情况下,施用磷肥和钾肥是无效的.同时在不施用磷肥的情况下,NK配施处理其钾肥的当季利用率也很低.氮肥的累积效应中,NPK处理氮肥的累积效应不明显,而NP和NK处理的氮肥利用率累积效应表现为先增加后降低;磷的累积效应中,NPK处理的磷肥的累积利用率有增加的趋势,说明磷肥具有一定的后效,但时间越长磷肥的后效越不明显,PK处理磷肥的累积效应明显,但累积利用率较低,而NP处理的磷肥累积利用率变化较为稳定;钾的累积效应中,NPK处理和NK处理钾肥的累积利用率表现出较为明显的增加趋势,而后3年的增加趋势趋向于稳定.在肥料的增产效应上,1 kg氮、磷、钾肥(N,P2O5,K2O)的平均增产量分别是11.13,8.77和6.75 kg.

Effect of Long-Term Fertilization on Fertilizer Utilization Efficiency and Yield-Increasing Effect of Fertilizer for Wheat in Purple Soil

The effect of long-term fertilization on fertilizer utilization efficiency and yield-increasing effect on wheat was studied through a seven-year field experiment in purple soil.The results showed that the NPK treatment was the optimum fertilization combination,with an NFUE,PFUE and KFUE of 40.35%,12.94% and 21.10%,respectively.In PK treatment(without N),PFUE and KFUE were rather low,suggesting that phosphate fertilization and potassium fertilization were ineffective without nitrogen application.In NK treatm...