泾河流域生态建设与可持续农业发展对策

泾河流域是全国水土流失的重点区域,影响泾河流域生态环境建设与农业可持续发展的主要限制因素是植被极度破坏,水土流失严重,荒漠化趋势加剧;人口增长过快,资源难以为继;农业结构单一,整体效益差。发展对策应以植被的恢复建设为突破口,通过“生态塬”、“圈层结构”和“梯层结构”等治理模式,以小流域为单元,统一规划,综合治理;发挥川塬旱作农业优势,提高土地生产力,发展高效优质的旱作农业体系;以恢复农业生态系统的良性循环为核心,通过退耕还林还草和农业生产结构的调整,带动土地利用结构的调整与优化,实现生态环境改善与经济协调发展。

Strategy of ecological construction and sustainable agriculture pevelopment of Jinghe Basin

Jinghe basin is a serious soil loess area of China.This paper analyzed the environment characters of the Jinghe basin with an area of 45.421 km~2,which includes fragile ecosystems,water resource shortage,heavy loss of water and erosion of soil,low vegetation coverage,high soil cultivated index and intense population and land pressure.The human activity in the region is accelerating the environment deterioration.Based on the analyses,the strategy for ecological construction and the mode for sustainable agriculture development are put forth in the paper.The strategy includes implementing forest,bush and grass projects to enlarge vegetation overage,constructing high-efficiency rain-collecting and water-saving projects and adjusting agriculture structure to develop agriculture with local specialties and advantages.In addition,the agriculture of the Jinghe basin should adopt the sustainable development mode.Jinghe basin can be classified in four kinds of basic ecological zones,which include the water-soil preservation zone,the mountainside water-soil preservation and economic zone,the basic farmland zone and the upland high-efficiency economical zone.Based on the local conditions in the zones,various countermeasures should be taken to realize the sustainable development in the region.