不同灌水方式淋洗下滨海盐土的水盐运移特征

为了合理有效地利用水资源，快速改良滨海盐土，通过室内土柱试验探讨了不同灌水方式淋洗下滨海盐土的水盐运移特征。结果表明：咸水的入渗速率要明显高于咸淡交替和淡水入渗。在灌水淋洗后，土壤盐分含量均大幅下降，以先用咸水再用淡水灌水淋洗方式脱盐效果最好，脱盐速度最快，淡水淋洗方式脱盐速度最慢。脱盐后，3个处理土壤的pH值均上升，淡水淋洗土壤pH上升幅度最大，先咸后淡灌水淋洗土壤pH上升幅度最小。采用先咸后淡灌水方式淋洗滨海盐土的综合效果最好，为淡水资源短缺，咸水资源丰富的盐碱地区的盐土淋盐改良提供了科学的方法。

Water and Salt Transporting Features of Coastal Saline Soil with Leaching by Different Irrigation Methods

In order to make rational and effective use of water resources, the rapid improvement of coastal saline soil, an indoor soil column experiment was carried out to investigate the water and salt transporting characteristics of coastal saline soil, which was leached with different irrigation methods. The results indicated that the soil infiltration rate of saline water was obviously higher than that of saline-fresh water alternate and fresh water. The soil salinity descended significantly after irrigation. The soil desalinization effect was the best and the soil desalinization rate was the fastest which with the method of leaching first by saline water then by fresh water. The soil desalinization rate by leaching with fresh water was the slowest. After irrigation, soil pH increased in the three treatments soil, leaching by fresh water increased greatly and increase of minimum was leaching first by saline water then by fresh water. Among the three irrigation methods, the method of leaching first by saline water then by fresh water had the best comprehensive effect of leaching coastal saline soil. The research could provide the scientific method to leach salt and improve the saline soil in the saline-alkali areas which had shortage of fresh water resources and abundance of the saline water resources.