不同施氮水平下糯玉米杂交种及亲本光合特性的研究

为了研究天津地区种植糯玉米施用氮肥是否合理，通过设置低、中、高3种施氮处理，探讨施氮量对天津地区糯玉米杂交种（‘津黑糯6号’）及其亲本（‘黑943’、‘津872’）光合特性和产量性状的影响。结果发现：不同施氮水平对糯玉米杂交种及亲本的光合日进程、蒸腾日进程均及水分利用效率均无显著影响(P>0.05)，低施氮量能够提高杂交种在拔节期-大喇叭口期（8月6日）的净光合速率（41.8 μmol/(m2?s)）；品系是影响糯玉米产量的主导因子(P<0.05)，施氮水平对糯玉米的产量性状无显著影响(P>0.05)。该研究结果说明，适当降低施氮量（本研究中的低水平施氮处理）并不会影响糯玉米的光合性状和产量性状，但可以降低农业生产的投入并有效减轻由于施肥造成的环境压力。

Studies on Photosynthetic Characters of Hybrid and Parent Waxy Maize Varieties Under Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Levels

In order to investigate whether the current nitrogen application in Tianjin area was reasonable, the parent waxy maize varieties (‘Hei 943’ and ‘Jin 872’) and their hybrid variety (‘Jinheinuo 6’) were used as materials and then treated with three nitrogen fertilizer levels (low N, middle N, and high N rates) to study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer levels on photosynthetic characters and yield traits in this paper. The results indicated that nitrogen fertilizer levels did not significantly affect diurnal changes of net photosynthesis rate or transpiration rate of waxy maize (P>0.05) but low nitrogen application could increase net photosynthesis rate (41.8 μmol/(m2?s)) of hybrid variety from jointing stage to trumpet shaped stage (August 6). Nitrogen rates had no significant effects on yield traits while varieties were the dominant factors determining crop yield (P<0.05). Our study suggested that, properly decreasing nitrogen application would not influence photosynthetic characters or yield traits of waxy maize but also reduced agricultural production input and effectively alleviated environmental pressure due to excessive fertilizer application.