城镇化下留守农民社会资本培育的困境及化解

在城镇化持续推进下，人力资本与社会资本丰富的农民大量流向城市，致使留守农民社会资本急剧下降，在农村形成了一个巨大的社会资本缺口，加剧了留守农民贫困化，严重制约着农村全面发展。为此，培育留守农民社会资本，提高其运用社会资本能力以脱贫，是妥善解决三农问题与新农村建设的根本思路之一。但是，城乡发展对资源的争夺、留守农民自身资源的不足以及民间组织与农村精英的自利，使得培育与开发留守农民社会资本陷入诸多困境。为有效培育留守农民社会资本，宏观上，应进行城乡发展统筹规划，且重点向农村统筹；微观上，通过各类学校教育、基础设施建设、民间组织组建等各种途径，加强有利于社会资本培育的基础平台建设。

The Dilemma and Breakdown of Cultivating Social Capital of Remaining Peasant Under Urbanization in China

As the urbanization in China continuously advances, a large number of peasant, who possess rich human capital and social capital, are moving into cities. And so, social capital of remaining peasant gradually reduces, remaining peasant who are lack of social capital are becoming poorer. The authors think that cultivating the social capital of remaining peasant and improving their ability of exploiting social capital is a fundamental path to properly resolve rural issues and carry out new rural construction. However, competition for resources between city and rural, scarcity of their own resources, selfishness of civil society organizations and the rural elite, and so on, becomes a series of barriers to cultivate and apply social capital of remaining peasant. In order to overcome these barriers, people should overall establish the mechanism of considering together the development of city and rural and pay more attention to rural development. At the same time, in order to richen the social capital of remaining peasant, people should specially build such a series of platforms as expanding types of education and training, improving infrastructures, guiding non-governmental organizations, utilizing the activities center of villagers.