油菜不同早熟品种菌核病抗性分析

为了鉴定抗菌核病早熟油菜品种，筛选油菜菌核病常发区主导品种，减轻菌核病危害，有效控制产量损失。通过2010-2011年在云南保山市隆阳区板桥镇进行全国早熟油菜品种筛选试验，对其参试的13个油菜品种进行菌核病抗性研究。结果表明：13个供试品种菌核病发病率分布在2.37%~29.99%之间，病情指数介于1.5~22.75之间，供试早熟油菜品种病情指数与生育期呈正相关，随着生育期推迟，发病加重；田间湿度大，油菜成熟期氮素肥料偏重的前提下，明显加重菌核病为害，显著降低油菜最终收获产量。菌核病从苗期始为害油菜、成熟期为害发病率和病情指数最重。供试的13个品种抗菌核病能力大体可分为5个类群，S0013、C868、‘10棚63育19’ 3个品种全生育期均表现出较强的抗菌核病能力，可作为油菜菌核病常发区主导品种和育种材料使用。

Analysis of the Resistance of Different Species of Early-maturity Rape to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum

To identity resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum of early-maturity rape, screen the leading-products of rape in the regional epidemics, mitigate the harm of the disease and effectively control the yield loss oilseed rape. The 13 early-maturity rape cultivars to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum from a different province were tested from 2010 by 2011 in Longyang District, Yunnan Baoshan Banqiao Town. The results showed that, the 13 tested varieties incidence of disease (sclerotinia) was between 2.37% and 29.99%, the disease index was between 1.5 and 22.75, which had a positive relationship with growth period, the onset of disease aggravated as the growth period was delayed. When the humidity in the field was heavy, and fertilizer-N amounts were too much in maturity stages of all the tested rapeseed varieties, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum would be obviously aggravated and ultimate harvest yield of rape would be reduced remarkably. Sclerotinia sclerotiorum showed from rape growth and the incidence and disease index of this disease modest aggravate in the maturity stage. The power to resist Sclerotinia sclerotiorum of the 13 tested varieties generally could be classified into five groups. In all growth period, S0013, C868, ‘10peng63yu19’ showed the stronger resistant to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, they could serve as led the production and breeding material in the regional epidemics of rape cultivars to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.