蔬菜出口产地农户农药使用行为的实证研究

农药是重要的农业生产资料，可用于防止农作物病虫害、消除杂草、调节植物生长的药剂，对农业生产起着极为重要的作用，但不合理使用农药将带来诸如农产品农药残留超标、环境污染等一系列不利影响。利用蔬菜出口产地调查数据，本文对农户农药使用行为进行了较为详细地分析，发现农户在农药使用过程中存在诸多不合理之处，包括农民的食品安全意识较为淡薄等。在此基础上，深入探讨了不合理使用农药对农产品质量安全、人类健康、生态环境带来的影响。最后，提出了要进一步加大对农药安全、合理使用的宣传力度，提高农户安全用药意识；加大指导和培训力度，规范农户农药使用行为；加快建立全国统一的农药残留监控体系以及加快农药残留国家标准制定速度等建议。

Empirical Research on Farmers’ Behavior of Using Pesticides in Export-oriented Vegetable Region

Pesticide is an important production material in agriculture, and it can be used to prevent crop pests, eliminate weeds, regulate the growth of plants. Thus, pesticide plays an extremely important role in agricultural production. However, the irrational use of pesticides will trigger a series of adverse effects, such as pesticide residues, environmental pollution and etc. Using the survey data obtained in export-oriented vegetable region, this paper analyzes the farmers’ behavior of using pesticides, and finds that there are many unreasonable problems in the process of pesticide use, including relatively weak awareness of food safety and so on. On this basis, the paper proposes that it is necessary to strengthen the propaganda of the pesticide safety use, improve farmers’ safety awareness, intensify guidance and training for farmers that regulating the farmers’ behavior of using pesticides, and accelerate the establishment of a unified national pesticide residue monitoring system and national standards of pesticide residues.