多介质环境下木质素对化肥中N素迁移转化积累的影响

以木质素包膜复合肥为研究对象,通过淋溶、氨挥发和盆栽试验,系统研究了木质素包膜复合肥中N素在多介质环境(土壤、水体、大气和植物)下的迁移转化和积累,以及木质素对复合肥中N素的影响。结果表明,木质素包膜肥的氨挥发量明显低于普通复合肥,降幅达5.3%～17.7%,氨挥发量占总施N量的0.2%左右。施用木质素包膜复合肥能显著减少青贮玉米中硝酸盐的积累(P<0.01),最大降幅达20.3%;木质素包膜复合肥中N素的淋溶损失符合一级动力学方程,土壤中肥料的氨挥发符合零级动力学方程。研究认为,木质素能抑制土壤与肥料中N素的水解和硝化作用,调控土壤中矿质态N含量,减少N素的淋溶损失,对肥料中N素转化有很好的调控作用,木质素作为一种农业环境友好材料,应用前景广阔。

Effects of Lignin on the Nitrogen Migration, Transformation and Accumulation of Compound Fertilizer Coated with Lignin in Multimedia Environment

Soil column leaching experiment,ammonia volatilization experiment and pot experiment were carried out to study the effects of lignin on the nitrogen migration,transformation and accumulation of compound fertilizer coated with lignin in multimedia environment(soil,water,atmosphere and plant).Results of ammonia volatilization experiment showed nitrogen leaching loss of lignin coated compound fertilizer reduced,compared with the compound fertilizer without lignin(P<0.01),the content of ammonia volatilization was reduced by 5.3%~17.7%,and the content of ammonia volatilization was about 2% of the total nitrogen.Results of pot experiment showed the lignin-coated fertilizer significantly reduced the accumulation of nitrate in silage maize,and the greatest reduction rate can reached 20.3%.In addition,the content of nitrogen leaching losses was found to fit well the first-order kinetics equation,but the content of ammonia volatilization followed the zero-order kinetics equation.Lignin can inhibit hydrolysis and nitrification of nitrogen in soil and fertilizer.Lignin could adjust the content of mineral nitrogen,and reduce the leaching loss of nitrogen,and improve the transformation ability of nitrogen.So Lignin-coated compound fertilizer has a bright prospect of application in the agriculture.