十字花科蔬菜种传黑斑病研究进展

黑斑病是危害十字花科蔬菜生产的世界性真菌病害，20世纪90年代前后在我国北方严重发生，目前在生产中仍有潜在风险。黑斑病病原芸薹链格孢、甘蓝链格孢、萝卜链格孢的鉴定主要借助病菌形态、病原变异、核酸序列、同工酶与酶联免疫分析，其中从核酸水平进行病原鉴定更为快捷；黑斑病菌毒素等次生代谢产物是重要致病因子。分子生物学方法已用于十字花科蔬菜种传黑斑病菌种的检测和鉴定。在该病害的防治方法中，种子处理及施用高效低毒杀菌剂是有效途径。今后应在分子水平上注重对病原种群构成、病害流行及种子健康检测方法的研究，同时加强该病害生物防治的基础和技术性探索。

Research in seed-borne black spot disease in cruciferous vegetables

Black leaf spot is a worldwide fungal disease of crucifers important. It caused severe losses in North China during the 1990s and is still a potential threat at present. Alternaria brassicae, A. brassicicola and A. japonica are pathogens of black leaf spot. The pathogenic fungus can be identified by their morphology, variation, nucleotide acid sequence, isoenzyme, and ELISA. Among these techniques, the nucleotide acid sequence analysis is No.1 much quick and practical. Toxins produced by the fungus are significant pathogenic factors. Molecular biological methods have been used for detection and identification of the pathogens in seeds. Effective measures for the disease control include seed treatment and fungicides of lower toxicity. It is proposed that future directions of investigating should be the pathogenic constituents, disease epidemic, and methods for seed health testing on the molecular levels, as well as the improvement of bio-control on the basis of fundamental research and technological innovations.