夏播小麦栽培生理初探 Ⅰ.不同播期和品种对籽粒产量和产量构成因素的影响

1982年在山西太谷海拔1000米的丘陵旱地鉴定了夏播小麦品种对播期的反应。采用二因子裂区设计。主区为品种,副区为播期。结果表果:播期对夏播小麦的籽粒产量和产量构成因素具有强烈的影响。在本试验范围内,推迟播期对产量的不利影响比早播种的影响更严重。早熟耐热的品种在调节播期方面具有较大的灵活性。晋春三号品种苗期耐高温,光合面积持续时间长,籽粒灌浆速度快。在适宜播期(7月14日)获得最高的小区产量(637.7克),较高的千粒重(34.5克)、穗粒重(1.14克)和本试验中最高的经济产量系数(0.50)。夏麦一号品种植株高,穗大粒多,但籽粒灌浆速度较慢,持续时间长,故穗粒重、着粒重和经济产量系数较低。

A preliminary Study On the physiological Characteristics of Spring Wheat Cultured in Summer. Ⅰ、The influence of genotypes and seeding dates on grain yield and yield components.

A split plot experiment with three replications was conducted in unirrigated hilly fields at an altitude of 1000 metres in mid-Shanxi in 1982. The purpose of the experiment was to study the effects of seeding dates on grain yield in wheat varieties. Two varieties of spring wheat were used: Jinchun No. 3(Shanxi Spring Wheat No. 3), an earlymaturing variety. Xiamai No. 1(Summer Wheat No. 1), a late varteiy. The seeding dates were July 10, 14, and 18 respectively. Each plot consisted of 5 rows 3.3 metres in length and 0.2 metres apart. Results showed that the seeding date had a strong effect on the grain yield and yield components in this experiment. The faster rate of grain filling the earlier—maturing variety, Jinchun No. 3, makes it more flexible in terms of sowing time, and therefore the most suitable variety. It proved to be tolerant of midsummer heat. It demonstrated longer duration of green leaf area and higher rate of grain filling than the other one. The highest grain yield per plot (638g), relatively high 1000—grain weight (34.5g), grain weight per ear (1.14g) and the highest coefficient of economic yield(0.50) were obtained from the July 14th seeding. Xiamai No.1 produced a taller plant, with longer ears, and more grains. However, it demanded a longer duration of grain filling, and its leaves and stems lost green pigment earlier than those of Jinchun No. 3. The grain yield per plot of Xiamai No. 1 was lower (446g), and so was the 1000—grain weight (31.4g), and coefficient of economic yield (0.47), but the grain weight per ear (1.15g) was slightly higher.