新发现的大麦雄性不育的小孢子发育及过氧化物酶同工酶的研究

本研究结果表明，新发现的大麦雄性不育材料小孢子母细胞的减数分裂，四分体之前表现正常，此后出现四分体小孢子形成不同步，单核期的小孢子，因无淀粉等必要的营养合成与积累而发生饥饿败育。主要表现为，细胞皱缩，胞壁逐渐解体，I－KI不染色等。自小孢子母细胞减数分裂四分体开始，经单核小孢了列双核小孢子期，雄性不育株的雌、雄蕊及其单核小孢子期的旗叶、旗下叶和倒3号，过氧化物酶同酶谱与其等基因可育株的相比，或酶带数增多或颜色加深，酶活性显著增强。可能是造成内源IAA氧化分解，导致小孢子发生饥饿败育的重要原因。在不育和可有株雄蕊中，分别发现染色很深的过氧化酶同工酶带POD－1、POD－9和POD－14、POD－15及POD－16等，可能是该雄性不育的特征带。

Study on Microsporogenesis and Peroxydase Isozymes in Newly Discovered Male-sterile Barley

The genesis and development of microspores and peroxydase isozymes of the stamens and pistils at four different stages i. e. metaphase, tetradphase, monokaryophase and dikaryophase of micresporogenesis were analysed in newlydiscovered male - sterile barley with its near - gene male - fertile plants as control.The meioses of microspore mother cells went well before tetradphase in the male - sterile barley. Then the formation of tetraspores occured discordance. Monokaryosporcs could not be colored with I - KI, because there was no starch in them. They turned creased and sterile for nutritive - hungcr. As devcloping into dikaryophase, the walls of microspores disintegrated. Compared with the near gene male - fertile plants the male - sterile ones had much significantly higher activity of peroxydase in their stamens and pistils at all four stages. Oxydization of inner growth stimulin IAA by peroxydase was considered a main reason for the microspore sterility of nutritive u hunger. 2 and 3 differential belts of peroxydase isozymes were found respectively in the male - sterile and male - fertile stamens.