小麦温敏不育系A3314温敏不育性的遗传研究

 为建立技术简便、成本低廉的二系杂交小麦种子生产体系，选育适应范围广泛的温敏不育系，利用发明专利技术（ZL00105488.0）选育的非1B/1R类型K型小麦温敏雄性不育系A3314与恢复系Silverstar的F2和BC1F1分离群体及可育条件下的1B/1R类型K型小麦雄性不育系K3314A与非1B/1R类型K型小麦温敏雄性不育系A3314的F2代及BC1F1代分离群体的育性反应，对小麦温敏雄性不育系A3314的温敏雄性不育基因的遗传进行研究。结果表明，温敏不育系A3314的雄性不育性与K3314A的雄性不育性一致，除受细胞质基因控制外，还受两对隐性核基因的控制，且呈独立遗传。其中A3314中来自斯卑尔脱（T.spelta var.duh.）小麦的K型雄性不育基因rfv1sp为其主效基因，与1B/1R类型K型小麦雄性不育系K3314A的雄性不育主效基因rfv1为一对等位基因，并具有温度敏感特性。

Genetic Study of Thermo-Sensitive Male Sterility on Thermo-Sensitive Male Sterile Wheat Line A3314

To establish the two-lines hybrid wheat seeds production system, which is easy-using and low-cost, and to breed the thermo-sensitive male sterile wheat lines that could be used in wide-range areas, experiments on genetic study of the thermo-sensitive male-sterile wheat line A3314(the sensitive stage of fertility exchange is booting, the daily average temperature of fertility exchange is 18℃, when the daily average temperature is less than 18℃ during the fertility sensitive stage，the male fertility of A3314 is male-sterile, but it will be male-fertile when the daily average temperature is over 18℃ during the sensitive stage.), which was bred by applying the technology of Chinese invention patent ZL00105488.0, were conducted through self setting of F2 and BC1F1 population of A3314/Silverstar and K3314A/A3314 under given conditions. That is to say, under sterile condition(the daily average temperature is less than 18℃, A3314 showed male sterility, i.e. sowing at the time suitable for wheat growing in Huang-Huai (the valleys of Huanghe river and Huaihe river) winter wheat producing area, Yunnan-Guizhou winter wheat producing area, Northwest spring wheat producing area and Northeast spring wheat producing area.) , sowing in autumn, the male-fertility of A3314 was male sterile, with Silverstar as the pollen parent. Obtaining F2 population of A3314/Silverstar and BC1F1 population of A3314//A3314/Silverstar was obtained. Under fertile condition (sowing in spring or summer in Huang-Huai winter wheat producing area and Yunnan-Guizhou winter wheat producing area), the male-fertility of A3314 was male fertile, with K3314 as the female parent. F2 population of K3314A/A3314 and BC1F1 population of K3314A//K3314A/A3314 was obtained. At the same time, the different daily average temperatures of A3314 were controlled by artificial climatic box. Analysis on the findings of these experiments showed that male fertility of no-1B/R K type thermo-sensitive male sterile wheat line A3314 was the same as 1B/R K type male sterile wheat line K3314A, and the male fertility of A3314 might be controlled mainly by two pairs of segregate excessive genes besides cytoplasm genes (table1), especially rfv1sp derived from T.spelta var.duh. 1BS chromosome was a major effect gene in A3314, which was not the same as the major male sterile gene rfv1 of K3314A, and might be a pairs of allies (table2), and rfv1sp gene had thermo-sensitivity, but rfv1 gene had no thermo-sensitivity.