近50年来新疆人口时空变化特征及成因分析

人口增长包括人口的自然增长和机械增长两个方面,人口增长会对一个区域的社会经济发展产生较大的影响,而人口增长又受政治、历史、经济和自然等多因素的制约。自20世纪50年代以来,新疆人口年均增长速率2.97%,明显高于全国平均水平1.53%,属于人口快速增长地区。其原因主要是:(1)高出生率导致高人口自然增长率,从1955年至2005年的50年期间,新疆人口的平均自然增长率17.91‰,高于全国平均水平15.20‰;(2)20世纪50~60年代人口大规模迁入造成的,到1967年底,全疆迁移净增人口共257.22×104人,平均每年迁移净增人口都在15万人以上,从1968年起,人口增长完全依赖自然增长。新疆人口分布的空间变化规律总体分布趋势为西密东疏,北多南少;山区和盆地相交的山前冲洪积扇缘绿洲地带最多,盆地中心及其盆地周围山区人烟稀少。新疆人口密度明显增加,高值区的范围在不断扩大,低值区的范围在缩小。

Analysis of Population Changes and Its Causative Factors in Xinjiang in the Last 50 Years

Population growth,including the natural growth and the mechanical growth,will have a greater impact on the region's socio-economic development.Meanwhile,it is affected by many factors,such as political,history,economic and other natural factors and so on.Annual population growth rate of Xinjiang is 2.85% in the last 50 years,which is higher than the national average of 1.64%.The population changes have mainly been caused by two factors.The high birth rate leads to the high natural population growth rate.The annual natural population growth rate is 17.62‰ that is higher than the national average of 16.33‰ from 1949 to 2004.Lots of immigrants resulted in the massive population base from the 1950's to the 1960's. The total pure population growth had been 257.22×104 because of migration by 1967.Spatial populationdistribution characteristics in Xinjiang show that the population in the West is more than that in the East,the population in the North is more than that in the South;The population in the oases in hill pediment alluvial fan are the most.In recent years,Xinjiang's population density has significantly increased,which shows that the high-value areas are continually expanding and the low-value area are narrowing.