Conserving biodiversity on calcareous grasslands in the Franconian Jura by grazing: a comprehensive approach

Calcareous grasslands, as extraordinarily species-rich and diverse habitats of northern and central Europe, need some management for their long-term conservation. Traditionally, they have been used as pastures, mainly with sheep, but goats are important, because they mainly browse and climb rocks. This study presents a comprehensive approach to the conservation of these sites, including the requirements of shepherds, which were obtained by a questionnaire, together with autecological information on the habitat requirements of species. Grazing is a central option, which has to be regulated in timing, intensity and spatial distribution, to gain optimum results. Nevertheless, local regulations must consider the requirements of the shepherds regarding infrastructure and social conditions, so that grazing remains practicable. Additionally, sheep-farming on conservation sites is presently unprofitable and therefore needs financial support. This support is supplied by state subsidies in Bavaria (Vertragsnaturschutzprogramm), and in the study area by a lamb-meat sales premium, which allows the shepherds to charge higher prices for lamb-meat produced under the premium regulations. The success of the overall strategy is only possible given a well adjusted interplay of influencing factors.