不同水权制度下水资源分配机制的比较

水资源产权的不同制度安排意味着不同的水资源分配机制。对于不可交易的限量水权制度,水资源主要采取计划（行政）分配机制或基于使用者的分配机制;而可交易的水权制度,主要采取市场分配机制。本文从成本、可行性、适应性、成本与收益的分配及有效性五个方面对这些不同产权安排下的分配机制进行比较,认为每种分配机制在特定的水权制度安排下都有各自的优势与弱点,没有一种分配机制适合于任何情形。对特定分配机制的选择取决于不同的制度环境及水资源的分配目标。

Comparative Study on Water Resource Allocation Mechanism under Different Water Rights System

Different institutional arrangements of water rights mean different mechanisms of water resource allocations. To non-transaction and limited water rights, water resource is always allocated by government or user group which is named as public allocation mechanism or user-based allocation mechanism, respectively. To transactional water right, water resource is mainly allocated by market due to transaction of water right. Five criteria, cost, feasibility, flexibility, distribution of costs and benefits, and likelihood of achieving desired goads, were used in the paper to assess and compare these allocation mechanisms. It was contended that each mechanism under certain water right arrangements had their own strength and weakness, and no single type of allocation is the best for all contexts. The selection of certain allocation mechanism depended on the institutional arrangement and water allocation objectives.