栽培菊与菊属—近缘属杂种远缘杂交的研究

 为利用菊属近缘属优良种质资源，对栽培菊花品种进行改良和种质创新，以菊花品种‘天坠玉露’为母本，大岛野路菊 × 芙蓉菊、南京野菊 × 芙蓉菊和菊花脑 × 菊蒿3个属间杂种为父本进行人工杂交，对杂种后代进行细胞学、形态学观察和基因组双色荧光原位杂交分析。结果发现，以南京野菊 × 芙蓉菊F1为父本进行杂交时，结实率为12.5％，后代中仅检测到‘天坠玉露’和南京野菊两个基因组，芙蓉菊基因组被排斥；以菊花脑 × 菊蒿F1为父本时的杂交结实率为0.25％，后代中也仅检测到‘天坠玉露’和菊花脑两个基因组，菊蒿基因组被排斥；以大岛野路菊 × 芙蓉菊F1为父本时的杂交结实率为22.5％，后代中同时检测到‘天坠玉露’、大岛野路菊和芙蓉菊3个基因组，获得了两属三物种间远缘杂种，其各杂交后代与父母本之间在形态上均存在显著差异。

Distant Hybridization Between Chrysanthemum and the Intergeneric Hybrids of Dendranthema and Allied Genera

To innovate chrysanthemum germplasm by introducing elite attributes of its allied genera，artificial hybridizations have been made between Dendranthema morifolium‘Tianzhuiyulu’（2n = 54；♀）and three intergeneric hybrids（♂）. The seed set of D. morifolium ‘Tianzhuiyulu’ ×（D. crassum × Crossostephium chinense），D. morifolium‘Tianzhuiyulu’× （D. indicum × C. chinense）and D. morifolium ‘Tianzhuiyulu’×（D. nankingense × Tanacetum vulgare）was 22.5%，12.5% and 0.25% respectively. Dual-color genomic in situ hybridization was applied for these hybrids. In D. morifolium‘Tianzhuiyulu’ × （D. indicum × C. chinense）hybrid，it contained two genomes of D. morifolium‘Tianzhuiyulu’and D. indicum. In D. morifolium‘Tianzhuiyulu’× （D. nankingense × T. vulgare）hybrid，it contained two genomes of D. morifolium‘Tianzhuiyulu’and D. nankingense. While in D. morifolium‘Tianzhuiyulu’×（D. crassum × C. chinense）hybrids，they contained three genomes of D. morifolium‘Tianzhuiyulu’，D. crassum and C. chinense. The morphology of the hybrid and its parents differed significantly from one another.