Wild wheat adaptation in different soil ecosystems as expressed in the mineral concentration of the seeds |
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Authors: | David J Bonfil Uzi Kafkafi |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Field Crops, Vegetables and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O. Box 12, Rehovot, 76100, Israel |
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Abstract: | Wild emmer wheat, Triticum dicoccoides, grows naturally in several habitats in northern Israel. The assumption that a genotype is better adapted to the `native'
soil from which it was collected than to other soils, was tested. Each of nine T. dicoccoides accessions from nine different habitats and three wheat cultivars was sown in soils taken from all habitats, and grown in
a greenhouse over 3 years. To enhance the biological nutrition absorption forces from the soil, three common wheat cultivars
were added to the wild genotypes. No interaction in grain yield between wild wheat genotype and soil type was found within
experiments. Soil type was the main factor that affected development and yield. Seed nutrient ability (SNA) of each soil was
defined as the mineral element content in the seeds, averaged over all genotypes. Multiple regression analysis revealed diversity
between the SNA related to growth and yield of the genotypes. Total seed yield per plant of each accession was related to
several SNAs, and mainly to S and K, R2 = 0.5–0.85. The spikelet number per spike was determined by N and Na in five accessions and by Ca in the other four (R2 = 0.39–0.93).Heading date was affected mainly by the genotype, and the soil effect exhibited Fe and P dependence. A genotype-habitat
adaptation exhibited by yield components was related to yield quality rather than to yield quantity. When a mineral nutrient
is deficient in a natural soil, natural selection leads to establishment of plants that store a higher concentration of that
nutrient in the seed, for the benefit of the succeeding generation.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. |
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Keywords: | adaptation heading nutrition seed nutrient content soil type spikelet |
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