陆地棉亚红株突变的质量遗传规律研究

分析了陆地棉亚红株突变体的淡红叶性状与当日红花性状的质量遗传规律,结果显示,淡红叶性状是受一对不完全显性基因控制的质量性状。连锁分析表明:淡红叶性状与当日红花性状完全连锁,是受同一对显性基因控制的质量性状;淡红叶与棕絮性状符合两对性状完全独立分离规律,不存在连锁遗传关系。等位性测定显示,淡红叶性状与经典红叶性状杂交后代,符合两对显性基因控制的独立分离理论比例,表明控制亚红株突变的基因与控制经典红叶的R1基因不在同一基因位点。根据以上试验结果,推定陆地棉亚红株突变是一个新的质量突变性状,暂将它的基因符号定为RS。

The Inheritance of Sub-red Plant Mutant from Upland Cotton

A new mutant in upland cotton was reported and named the sub-red plant by Chen Xu-sheng in 2004.The results of observations on the sub-red plant showed that there were obvious differences among the sub-red plants,the classic red plants and the normal green plants at every stage.As concerned cotyledon and neonatal color,the classic red plant's was sanguine,the normal green plant's was green while the sub-red mutant's was slightly red.During the flowering stage there was visible distinctness among the three genotypes as following:(1) The color of the intraday flower was different,the normal green plant's was white,but the sub-red mutant plant's was ponceau,which surpassed the classic red plant's;(2) The leaf color of classic red plant was red,the normal green plant's was green while the sub-red mutant's was slightly red and its leaf color gradated near green as the leaves grew up gradually.The inheritance of the sub-red mutant including the leaf color traits and the intraday flower color was studied.The results showed that the leaf color and flower color were controlled by one pair of qualitative gene which was expressed incompletely dominant.Linkage analysis showed that the leaf color trait and the intraday flower color traits were linked completely,while the leaf color trait and the brown fiber trait were not linked,so two traits were independent inheritance.Allele test indicated that the mutant gene loci were different from the classic red plant gene loci(R1).According to above results,it was clear that the sub-red plant was a new quality trait mutant in upland cotton,which gene was named Rs tentatively.There are obvious phenotype difference between the sub-red plant mutant and the normal green plant in seedling and flowering stages.Remarkably,F_1,which come from the cross the sub-red mutant and the normal green plant,has good photosynthesis function.Therefore,we can use the new mutant trait as an early mark character,and at the same time make use of its F_1 hybrid to improve photosynthesis efficiency and to further increase yield.In a word,the mutant will be applied broadly in breeding.