干旱地区自然资源开发与生态环境改善(以新疆为例)

干旱区生态环境脆弱,很多地区处于恶性循环状态。本文以新疆为例,在综合分析自然条件特点及存在问题的基础上。对改善干旱区生态环境,提出了方向性措施。(1)增加植被覆盖是根本措施。平原靠灌溉及保护,山地如有保护,可自然形成较大面积植被。(2)合理利用与调剂水资源,通过工程及加强管理,提高水源利用率,通过跨地区引水调剂地区间的不平衡。(3)用其他能源代替植物燃料,保证植被稳定增加。如煤炭、水力资源、石油、太阳能,目前可靠保证是种植薪炭林。

EXPLORATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND IMPROVEMENT OF ECO-ENVIRONMENT IN ARID REGIONS

The ecological system in arid area is fragil, and even getting from bad toworse in some regions. This article, taking xinjiang as an example, discussessome useful measures to improve the worsened ecological environment on thebasis of analysing the basic characteristics of natural conditions and mainproblems existing in the ecological environment. (1) The basic measure is to increase the vegetative covers, which needsirrigating and protecting in plain areas and dominant protection in mountain-ous regions. (2) The second measure is to rationaly use and distribut water resourc-es. Rational using means to increase the utilization ratio of water resourcesand the rational establishment of irrigational regime. Rational distributingmeans to regulate the water flows between upper and lower reaches or betweenthe adjacent regions. (3) The plant fuels should be replaced by other energies such as coal,petrolem, hydro-energy and solar energy. At present, planting fuel shrubs isan important pledge to decrease the destruction of vegetative covers.