地埋式橡塑渗灌滴头的研制及其性能测试

针对橡塑渗灌管变异系数高、在线源式灌溉过程中水头损失大等问题，本文以橡塑渗灌管为柱状出流面，再结合迷宫流道技术设计了一种点源式灌溉的地埋式橡塑渗灌滴头。通过水力性能测试、短周期抗堵塞试验以及土壤入渗试验对滴头性能进行了分析。结果表明，滴头流量变异系数为4.17%，压力-流量关系式为q=0.6435h^0.4161，符合国家生产标准，并具备一定的压力补偿性能；在3种泥沙浓度(W1=0.5 g·L^-1，W2=0.1 g·L^-1，W3=1.5 g·L^-1)、100 kPa工作压力下，滴头有效灌溉次数分别为15、11、5次，达到灌水器抗堵塞性能平均标准；将滴头深埋30 cm进行土壤入渗试验，在100 kPa工作压力下，未出现深层渗漏现象，湿润锋在580 min后到达土壤表面，可有效减少灌溉水蒸发，节约水资源。该地埋式橡塑渗灌滴头水力性能优秀，抗堵塞性能良好，湿润体体积大，土壤含水率分布均匀，可广泛适用于果园灌溉以及科研试验等。

Development and hydraulic performance test of subsurface direct|insertion rubber|plastic infiltration dripper

In the process of line source irrigation, the rubber|plastic porous pipes have a high manufacturing deviation coefficient and significant waterhead loss. Given these issues, a point|source irrigation method of subsurface direct|insertion rubber|plastic infiltration dripper was designed in this study using the labyrinth channel technology, with the rubber|plastic porous tube as the column|shaped outflow surface. Then, the hydraulic performance of the dripper was tested. Specifically, the dripper was buried in the flowerpot. The results showed that the coeffient of variation of dripper flow was 4.17%. The pressure|flow relationship was q=0.6435h^0.4161, demonstrating a preferable pressure compensation performance. Besides, the short|period anti|clogging test was conducted with the intermittent muddy drip irrigation test method. Under three sediment concentrations (W1=0.5 g·L^-1, W2=1.0 g·L^-1, W3=1.5 g·L^-1) and the working pressure of 100 kPa, the effective irrigation times of the dripper were 15, 11, and 5, respectively. This reflects that the dripper had excellent anti|clogging performance. Furthermore, the dripper was buried 30 cm deep under the working pressure of 100 kPa for continuous irrigation tests. There was no deep seepage phenomenon, the soil moisture was evenly distributed, and the wetness peak reached the soil surface after 580 minutes. The comprehensive results indicated that the dripper had good hydraulic performance and anti|clogging performance, as well as a large volume of the wetted body. Thus, it can be widely used in orchard irrigation and scientific research experiments. It is hoped that this research provides a reference for the point|source irrigation of rubber|plastic infiltration pipes.