安徽省主要作物秸秆养分资源量及还田利用潜力

【目的】安徽省为我国粮食主产省份之一,估算安徽省主要作物秸秆养分资源量及还田利用潜力,可为全省秸秆养分资源合理利用和秸秆还田下化肥减施提供科学参考。【方法】基于相关统计数据和文献资料,对安徽省各市水稻、小麦、玉米和油菜4种作物秸秆产量、秸秆氮磷钾养分资源量及其在还田条件下的化肥替代潜力进行评估。【结果】2016—2018年安徽省水稻、小麦、玉米和油菜秸秆年均产量分别为1 758万t、2 251万t、712万t和275万t,秸秆资源主要分布在淮北和江淮区域,分别占全省4种作物秸秆总量的47.0%和33.6%。全省4种作物秸秆氮（N）、磷（P₂O₅）和钾（K₂O）养分年均产量分别为40万t、13万t和85万t,水稻、小麦、玉米和油菜秸秆养分资源量分别占4种作物秸秆养分资源总量的44.6%、34.4%、13.9%和7.1%。在全省作物主要种植地区,单位播种面积水稻秸秆还田的化肥替代潜力为N 29.5—35.0 kg·hm^-2、P₂O₅ 13.6—16.2 kg·hm^-2和K₂O 132.9—157.5 kg·hm^-2;小麦秸秆还田的化肥替代潜力为N 24.1—33.5 kg·hm^-2、P₂O₅ 8.4—11.7 kg·hm^-2和K₂O 83.5—115.8 kg·hm^-2;玉米秸秆还田的化肥替代潜力为N 24.7—32.7 kg·hm^-2、P₂O₅ 12.5—16.5 kg·hm^-2和K₂O 59.7—79.0 kg·hm^-2;油菜秸秆还田的化肥替代潜力为N 24.1—34.0 kg·hm^-2、P₂O₅ 11.2—15.8 kg·hm^-2和K₂O 101.3—142.7 kg·hm^-2。【结论】安徽省主要作物秸秆还田可基本满足下季作物的钾素需求,同时可部分替代氮肥和磷肥的施用,各区域应因地制宜,充分利用秸秆养分资源,实现农田化肥减施。

Nutrient Resource Quantity of Main Crop Straw and Utilization Potential Under Straw Returning in Anhui Province

【Objective】 Anhui is a national major grain production province. Clearance of the nutrient resource quantity of main crop straw and utilization potential under straw returning in Anhui province could provide reference data for reasonable utilization of straw nutrient resources and synthetic fertilizers reduction. 【Method】 Based on statistical data and literature review, the capacity of main crop straw, the nutrient resource quantity of straw and potential for straw incorporation to substitute nutrient inputs were estimated for different cities and regions of Anhui province in this research. 【Result】 The amounts of crop straw from rice, wheat, maize and rapeseed were 17.58, 22.51, 7.12 and 2.75 million tons per year in Anhui province during the period of 2016-2018, respectively. The crop straws were mainly produced in North area of Huai River, and Area between Yangtze River and Huai River, accounting for 47.0% and 33.6% of the total provincial crop straw yields, respectively. The main crop straws contained 0.40 million tons of N, 0.13 million tons of P₂O₅ and 0.85 million tons of K₂O, respectively. The straw nutrient resources from rice, wheat, maize and rapeseed accounted for 44.6%, 34.4%, 13.9% and 7.1% of the total provincial main crop straw nutrient resources, respectively. In the main crop-cultivating areas of Anhui province, the amounts of synthetic fertilizers substituted by rice straw incorporation per unit area of arable land were N 29.5-35.0 kg·hm^-2, P₂O₅ 13.6-16.2 kg·hm^-2 and K₂O 132.9-157.5 kg·hm^-2. The amounts of synthetic fertilizers substituted by wheat straw incorporation were N 24.1-33.5 kg·hm^-2, P₂O₅ 8.4-11.7 kg·hm^-2 and K₂O 83.5-115.8 kg·hm^-2. For maize, straw incorporation could substitute N 24.7-32.7 kg·hm^-2, P₂O₅ 12.5-16.5 kg·hm^-2 and K₂O 59.7-79.0 kg·hm^-2. In the main rapeseed-planting areas, rapeseed straw incorporation could substitute N 24.1-34.0 kg·hm^-2, P₂O₅ 11.2-15.8 kg·hm^-2 and K₂O 101.3-142.7 kg·hm^-2. 【Conclusion】 Using crop straws properly could satisfy the basic potassium requirement for crop production and partly substitute the inputs of synthetic nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. Making full use of nutrient resources from main crop straws may provide an effective solution for synthetic fertilizers reduction under straw returning in Anhui province.