人工合成小麦根愈伤组织细胞和不定根的染色体变异

本研究以日本京都大学农学部生殖质研究所人工合成小麦品系和普通小麦品种“中国春”为材料,种子根为外植体诱导出愈伤组织和不定根,对其染色体数目的变异进行了分析比较。结果表明,品系间愈伤组织细胞的染色体变异有很大差别,品系89W36的变异幅度较大2n=7～58,品种“中国春”（88W70）的染色体变异较小2n=15～43。 小麦染色体组基数 X=7的整倍体 14、21、28、35、42的变异频率都大于相近数目的非整倍体。小麦正常染色体数42的频率比其他数目的变异高。不定根染色体的变异与愈伤组织相比相对稳定,最大变异范围是2n=25-45,染色体数的变异主要集中在39～44,各品系正常染色体数42的细胞频率都在68％以上。

VARIATIONS IN CHROMOSOMAL NUMBER OF CULTURE CELLS OF CALLUS AND ADVENTITIOUS ROOTS OF ARTIFICIAL SYNTHETIC WHEAT

Chromosomal variations of 6 lines of artificially synthesized wheat and Chinese spring cultivar were investigated using callus cells after 1 month induction in 2,4 -D including MS media and adventitious root cells developed from induced callus. The number of chromosomes of induced callus cells varied from 7 to 58, and the mode of each line was 2n = 42 without one exception.On the other hand, the variation in chromosomal number of adventitous roots was from 35 to 44 with the mode 2n = 42 without any exception. The result indicates that the variation in chromosomalnumber is less in differentiated organ such as adventitious roots in comparison with dedifferentiated callus cells.