引进春小麦种质资源与黑龙江省育成品种农艺性状的遗传多样性分析

为了有效利用外引的春小麦种质资源,明确黑龙江省小麦育成品种的遗传多样性,以所收集该省育成的小麦品种(48份)以及从外省引进的部分种质资源(90份)为材料,通过比较变异系数和多样性指数,并运用聚类分析法对其16个农艺性状的遗传多样性进行了分析。结果表明,引进种质资源农艺性状变异系数的平均值(20.61%)和多样性指数的平均值(2.44)均高于黑龙江省小麦育成品种的平均值(17.91%和1.95)。用离差平方和法将138份材料聚为3个大类群,其中第一类群材料的农艺性状综合表现较优,其株高在70 cm左右,不孕小穗数少,小穗密度大,多粒性好,穗粒数多,千粒重、穗粒重和单株粒重适中,是春小麦育种较为理想的亲本材料。

Analysis on Genetic Diversity of Agronomic Traits of Introduced Spring Wheat Germplasm Resources and Wheat Cultivars in Heilongjiang Province

In order to utilize the introduced wheat germplasm resources effectively and to understand the basis of genetic diversity of wheat cultivars in Heilongjiang province,genetic diversity of 48 wheat varieties bred in Heilongjiang province and 90 introduced wheat germplasm resources from other provinces were analyzed based on 16 agronomic traits,by comparing variance coefficient,diversity index,and through using clustering analysis. The results showed that the average value of variation coefficient (20.61%) of the introduced wheat germplasm resources was higher than that (17.91%) of wheat cultivars in Heilongjiang province. The average value of the genetic diversity index (2.44) of the introduced wheat germplasm resources was higher than that (1.95) of wheat cultivars in Heilongjiang province. With thedifferential square method,138 materials were clustered into 3 groups,7 subclasses. There was wide genetic diversity among wheat materials. Among 3 groups,materials of the group I had better comprehensive traits,with about 70 cm in plant height,less sterile spikelet,higher spike density,higher grain number per spike,and moderate thousand-grain weight,grain weight per spike and grain weight per plant. Thus the materials of group I were ideal parental materials.