中科麦138及其姊妹系和亲本的光合特性研究

为了解四川地区小麦品种在长期适应弱光照过程中形成的独特光合特性，对高产小麦新品种中科麦138（W138）、姊妹系W5293及其亲本（父本川育16和母本川麦42）的不同生育时期SPAD值（叶绿素相对含量）、旗叶面积、气体交换参数、叶绿素荧光参数以及产量性状（小穗数、穗粒数、单株粒重、单株穗数、千粒重、单株生物学产量等）进行了测定分析。结果表明，W138的光能利用效率和产量性状均优于双亲，光合特性则更多地遗传于川麦42；而姊妹系W5293的旗叶及倒二叶SPAD值在各生育时期都高于其双亲及W138，净光合速率在生育后期高于双亲及W138，在光响应曲线及光化学系统方面也表现出优异的特性，且产量性状也优于双亲，说明W5293具有高光效特性，能更适应四川地区弱光照生态条件，适合在该地区推广种植，也可用作弱光照地区培育高光效高产小麦的育种材料。

Photosynthetic Characteristics of Zhongkemai 138,Its Sister Line and Their Parents

In order to study the special photosynthetic characteristics of wheat varieties in Sichuan province,which adapted to the weak illumination environment for a long time,in this study,leaf SPAD values (the relative content of chlorophyll),flag leaf area,gas exchange parameters,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and yield-related factors were measured on the novel high yield variety Zhongkemai 138 (W138),its sister line and their parents. It was found that the total light use efficiency and yield-related factors of W138 were higher than those of its parents. Most photosynthetic characteristics of W138 were inherited from Chuanmai 42. The flag leaf and second leaf SPAD values of the sister line W5293 were higher than those of the parents and W138 in each growth period. The photosynthetic rate of the sister line W5293 was higher than those of the parents and W138 in the late growth stages. W5293 exhibited excellent properties of the light response curve and photochemical system,and also performed better than the parents at yield-related factors. These results suggested that the sister line W5293 was a high yield line which had better photosynthetic characteristics than both parents,and it possessed a longer period of high photosynthetic efficiency. Therefore,the sister line W5293 could be suitable to be planted widely in Sichuan,and it is significant to study on high photosynthetic efficiency for wheat breeding in Sichuan.