番茄绿果与红果颜色性状遗传的研究

以绿果番茄‘绿樱’和红果番茄‘TTD1003A’为亲本材料,构建4个世代P_1、P_2、F_1和F_2遗传群体,采用标准比色卡,对成熟果实的果色、果皮色、果肉色和胎座胶状物质颜色进行观察分析。结果表明:在F_2代分离群体中,果色分离比例为,红︰棕︰黄︰绿=9︰3︰3︰1;果皮色为,黄色︰透明=3︰1;果肉色为,红︰浅黄︰浅绿=12︰3︰1,即果色、果皮色和果肉色的遗传符合孟德尔遗传规律,且分别由两对、一对和两对核基因控制;果实绿色相对果实红色为隐性,果皮透明相对果皮黄色为隐性,果肉浅绿色相对果肉红色为隐性,果皮与果肉颜色独立遗传。同时,运用色差仪测定果实表面颜色的L值、a值和b值,计算色光值后,运用植物数量性状主基因+多基因遗传分析法分析得出:番茄果实绿色对红色的遗传可能符合两对加性—显性—上位性主基因+加性—显性多基因遗传(MX2-ADI-AD),其中两对主基因均以加性效应为主,第一对主基因的加性作用更为明显。在F_2代中,色差仪测定指标的主基因遗传率为76%~89%,而多基因遗传率接近0,即该组合控制果色性状的主基因遗传力很高,多基因遗传力很低,对番茄果色的选择应在分离早期世代进行。

Inheritance on Fruit Color Character Between Green and Red of Tomato

In this experiment，the genetic populations including P₁，P₂，F₁ and F₂ were generated by using green fruit tomato inbred line‘Lüying’and red fruit tomato inbred line‘TTD1003A’. The ripened fruit color，pericarp color，flesh color and placenta jelly color were observed by the standard color cards. The results showed that：In F₂ generation separation groups，the separation of fruit color was red︰brown︰yellow︰green = 9︰3︰3︰1，χ² = 3.09；Pericarp color was yellow：transparency = 3︰1，χ² = 0.06 and flesh color was red︰light yellow︰light green = 12︰3︰1，χ² = 0.91，respectively，which showed that genetics of fruit color，and pericarp color and flesh color fitted the Mendel law，and controlled by two pairs，one pair and two pairs nuclear genes respectively. The fruit green color to red，pericarp transparency color to yellow and the flesh light green color to red are recessive. The genetics between pericarp and flesh color were completely independent. While，the L value，a value and b value of fruit surface color were measured by colorimeter，the color-light value was calculated to study the law of fruit color with the major-gene plus   multi-gene of quantitative traits genetic analysis method in plant. The analysis results showed that the genetics of tomato fruit color between green and red may be accord with the additive-dominance-epitasis major gene plus additive-dominance polygene（MX2-ADI-AD model）. Among them，the two main gene was given priority to with additive effect，and the first a pair of main gene additive effect is more apparent. For F₂ generation，the genetic rate of main gene genetic rate was 76%–89% and the multi-genes was near 0. The artificial selection to fruit color of tomato should be carried out in the early generations.