小秦岭矿区石渣坡植被恢复与植物配置模式研究

[目的]为小秦岭矿区石渣坡的植被恢复提供依据。[方法]从2005年起,选用多种植物进行小秦岭矿区石渣坡植被恢复试验,提出科学的配置模式。[结果]小秦岭矿区石渣坡植被恢复选择的植物品种为:草本植物(高羊茅、猫尾草)、木质藤本植物(葛藤、爬山虎、五叶地锦)、灌木(珍珠梅、紫穗槐、荆条)、乔木(旱柳、山毛桃、侧柏),配置模式为:草本植物+乔木,适合海拔为500~1 500 m、小气候条件较好的矿区;草本植物+灌木,适合海拔为1 500~2 000 m的矿区;草本植物+藤本植物,适合海拔高于2 000 m、小气候条件较差的矿区。[结论]第1年种草,第2年种植乔木、灌木,科学追肥浇水,可改善小秦岭矿区石渣坡的植被情况。

Preliminary Study on Vegetation Restoration and Plant Allocation Model in Stone Ballast Slope in Xiaoqinling Mining Area

[Objective] The study aimed to provide the basis for the vegetation recovery in stone ballast slope in Xiaoqinling mining area.[Method] From 2005,many kinds of plant were selected for the experiment of vegetation recovery in stone ballast slope in Xiaoqinling mining area and the scientific allocation model was proposed.[Result] The varieties of plant selected for the vegetation recovery in stone ballast slope were herb plants(tall fescue and timothy),woodiness liana plants(kudzu,Koston ivy and Parthenocissus quinquefolia),shrub(Sorbaria sorbifolia A.,Amorpha fruticosa L.and Vitex chinensis Mill.) and arbor(Hankow willow,Amygdalus tangutica,Chinese and arborvitae).The allocation model was following: herb plant + arbor was fit for the mining area with altitude of 500-1 000 m and good microclimate condition.Herb plant + woodiness liana was fit for the mining area with the altitude of 1 500-2 000 m.Herb plant + arbor was fit for the mining area with the altitude higher than 2 000 m and the poor microclimate condition.[Conclusion] When herb was planted in the first year and arbors and shrub were planted in the second year with scientific topdressing and watering,the vegetation condition in stone ballast slope in Xiaoqinling mining area could be improved.