干旱胁迫对玉米生长、生理指标及品质的影响

以玉米品种金穗3号、陇单339、陇单602和先玉335为材料，设对照(CK)、中旱(T1)、高旱(T2)3个处理，在不同生育时期测定光合特征参数、生理生态指标、产量相关性状指标及品质指标，分析干旱胁迫对玉米生理生态指标的影响。结果表明，干旱胁迫后，与对照相比玉米株高、穗位高、单株生物量、单株穗重、单株粒重、穗长、百粒重和小区产量均随干旱胁迫程度的增加而降低，在高旱胁迫下，分别降低19.78%、19.06%、36.76%、44.50%、45.08%、24.01%、22.81%和62.89%。空秆率增加，粉丝间隔时间增加1.17～3.17 d；净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度和叶面积指数随着干旱胁迫程度呈下降趋势；子粒粗脂肪和蛋白含量呈先升高后降低趋势，淀粉含量呈逐渐降低趋势。在甘肃省干旱半干旱地区可种植金穗3号及相似品种，适当控水可提高子粒品质。

Effects of Drought Stress on Growth, Physiologica Indicators and Grain Quality of Maize

Four maize varieties, Jinsui 3, Longdan339, Longdan602 and Xianyu335 were used as test materials, with three treatments of control(CK), medium drought(T1) and high drought(T2). Photosynthetic characteristic parameters, physiological and ecological indicators, yield-related trait indicators, and quality indicators were measured at different stages of growth to analyze the impact of drought stress on maize physiological and ecological indicators and explore the relationship between yield and quality. The results showed that compared to the control, plant height, ear position height, biomass per plant, ear weight per plant, seed weight per plant, ear length, 100-seed weight and plot yield decreased with increasing drought stress, with reductions of 19.78%, 19.06%, 36.76%, 44.50%, 45.08%, 24.01%, 22.81% and 62.89% respectively under high drought stress. High drought stress increased the rate of empty straw and increased the anthesis silking interval by 1.17 d to 3.17 d. The net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration and leaf area index showed a decreasing trend with the degree of drought stress. The crude fat and protein content of the seeds showed a tendency to increase and then decrease, while the starch content showed a gradual decrease. In the arid and semi-arid areas of Gansu province, Jinsui 3 and similar varieties with good drought resistance can be planted, and appropriate water control can improve seed quality.