酿酒葡萄多主蔓扇形不同结果部位果实品质的研究

针对酿酒葡萄多主蔓扇形果实品质存在的问题,以新疆玛纳斯县"赤霞珠"(‘Cabernetsauvignon’)、"梅鹿特"(‘Merlot’)、"霞多丽"(‘Chardonnay’)和"贵人香"(‘Italian riesling’)为材料,分析了多主蔓扇形距离地面不同结果部位成熟果实的还原糖、总酸、花色素苷、单宁、总酚等品质指标。结果表明:多主蔓扇形果穗从距离地面40～120cm以上均有分布,不同层的果实成熟品质差异较大,给酿造优质葡萄酒带来困难;供试4个品种果实主要品质指标均以距离地面较高结果部位的果实更好,上层果实还原糖、花色素苷(红色品种)、单宁和总酚含量极显著或显著高于下层;供试4个品种果实含酸量普遍较低,应引起生产上的重视。建议在酿酒葡萄的栽培中采用结果部位等高的整形方式,有利于保持酿酒葡萄原料品质的一致性。

Effect of Different Fruit Set Heights on Quality of Winegrapes from the Fan-shaped Vines

Four varieties,namely ‘Cabernet sauvignon’,‘Merlot’,‘Chardonnay’ and ‘Italian riesling’ were selected as materials.The vines were subjected to different fruit zone treatments to study the effect of fruit zone management on the contents of the sugars,acids,total phenols,tannins and total anthocyanins.The results showed that : the grape clusters were located in the zone between the height of 40cm to 120cm above the ground from each variety.However,quality wines were difficult to obtain from these grapes,which located in different height above the ground,as the heterogeneity of grape maturity.Higher cluster produced higher quality grapes in all of four varieties.The contents of sugars,total anthocyanins,total phenols and tannins were significant higher in two red grapes from higher fruit zones.The acid from each variety was too low for winemaking,which should be paid enough attention.The training systems which have a uniform fruit zones were suggested to obtain quality wines,and a higher fruit zone treatment was suggested for this area.