杏不同品种花粉量及花粉萌发特性的研究

以17个鲜食杏品种、4个仁用杏品种和4个杏李杂交品种为试材,对单个花药花粉量、花粉萌发率、花粉管长度进行测定,并观察统计了这25个杏品种的完全花比例,为杏主栽品种选择适宜授粉树。结果表明:不同杏品种间单个花药花粉量、花粉萌发率、花粉管长度和完全花比率差异显著;不同果实类型(鲜食、仁用和杏李杂交)间花粉量和完全花比例差异显著,花粉萌发率和花粉管长度则没有果实类型间的显著差异。花粉量与花粉萌发率和完全花比率之间无显著相关性,而与花粉管长度显著相关(r=0.417,P0.05);花粉萌发率与花粉管长度极显著正相关(r=0.691,P0.01),与完全花比率负相关但不显著。聚类分析发现,花粉量较多且花粉管生长状况较好的杏品种有"串枝红"、"沙金红"、"金太阳"和"胡安娜",适宜作为授粉树;花粉粒较少和花粉管生长状况较弱的有"恐龙蛋"、"味帝"和"苏联4号",而它们的完全花比例都很高,需要配置授粉树。

Study on the Number and Germinating Characteristics of Pollens of Different Apricot Cultivars

Taking seventeen fresh apricot varieties,four almond apricot varieties and four apricot-plum hybrid as test materials,the pollen number per anther,pollen germination rate,pollen tube length were determined,and the percentage of full-grownflowers was of twenty-five apricot varieties was investigated,to select suitable pollenizers for main cultivation apricot varieties.The results showed that there were extremely significant differences in the pollen number per anther,pollen germination rate,pollen tube growth and the percentage of full-grown flowers of various apricot cultivars.And the pollen number per anther and the percentage of full-grown flowers significantly differed from each other because of different fruit types(Fresh,Almond and Apricot-plum hydrid).The pollen number per anther significantly correlated with pollen tube growth(r=0.417,P<0.05),but there was no significant correlation between pollen germination rate and the percentage of full-grown flowers;The correlation between pollen germination rate and pollen tube growth was extremely significant(r=0.691,P<0.01),and the correlation between pollen germination rate and percentage of full-grown flowers was negative but not significant.Further investigation on the pollination value of different peaches was performed based on cluster analysis.The apricot cultivars with larger pollen number and longer pollen tube which were suitable for pollenizers included ’Chuanzhihong’,’Shajinhong’,’Jintaiyang’ and ’Huanna’;The apricot cultivars with lower pollen number,shorter pollen tube and higher percentage of full-grown flowers which ought to need pollenizers included ’Konglongdan’,’Weidi’,’Suiliansihao’.