花香挥发物的主要成分及其影响因素

花的芳香来源于植物体内合成并释放到空气中的多种挥发性香气成分。这些成分不仅是植物诱引昆虫授粉,防御食草动物侵害以及参与体内各种次生代谢的重要物质,而且也会通过人的嗅觉系统给人们带来美的享受。综述了近年来国内外对植物花香挥发成分的鉴定及影响因素等方面的研究进展;分析了花香挥发物主要由烷烃类、烯类、醇类、酮类、醛类、醚类、酯类及芳香族化合物等组成,按照生物合成途径这些香气化合物又可分为萜烯类、苯丙酸类/苯环型化合物和脂肪族化合物等三大类。花香挥发物的形成与植物基因型、发育阶段、激素以及温光等环境条件等有关。

The Main Composition and Affecting Factors of Aroma Volatiles in Flowers

In plants,fragrance results from the production and emission of volatile compounds,which are not only the insect attractants for pollination,herbivore defenders,important participants of various secondary metabolism,but also are pleasant to the human sensory system.A great many domestic and overseas studies have been undertaken on the identification and affecting factors of fragrant volatiles,and there’s been great progress in recent years.The main compounds of fragrant volatiles in flowers primarily included alkanes,alkenes,alcohols,ketones,aldehydes,ethers,esters and aromatic compounds etc.,and on the basis of their mode of biosynthesis these substances could be dominatingly divided into terpenes,phenylpropanoids/benzenoids and aliphatic compounds three kinds.Plant genotype,developmental stages,hormones,environmental factors such as temperature and light would influence the formation of flower fragrant volatiles.