东北地区气候变化对玉米生产的影响与对策

为了探究气候变迁对东北地区玉米生产的影响,分析了近50年来东北地区的降水量、日照时数和气温的变化,总结了温度、干旱、日照时间等因素对玉米产量的不利影响。认为东北地区经历了气温升高、降水量减少、日照时数减少等气候变化,玉米生产面临着产量下降、生育期延长、品质下降、病虫害和杂草增多等影响。提出玉米生产上应积极改进栽培管理措施,如提前安排播种期、增加化肥和微量元素的投入、选用耐高温抗旱品种等。

Impacts of Climate Change on Maize Production in Northeast China and Countermeasures

To explore the impact of climate change on maize production in northeast China, the changes of precipitation, sunshine duration and temperature in northeast China in the past 50 years were analyzed, and the adverse effects of temperature, drought and sunshine duration on maize yield were summarized. It is considered that the northeast region has experienced climate changes such as rising temperatures, reduced precipitation, and decreased sunshine duration, which led to the reduced yield, prolonged growth period, declining quality, increased pests and weeds in maize production. It is suggested that the agronomic management methods should be improved in maize production, such as arranging the sowing period in advance, increasing the input of chemical fertilizers and trace elements, and selecting varieties with heat and drought resistance.