水肥一体化对山地鲜桑椹商品性状的影响

为探索不同为微地形条件下水肥一体化工程技术对干热河谷区桑园果桑商品性状的影响,以盐边县刚成熟、正成熟和过成熟的鲜桑椹为研究对象,对比坡面雨养区(DN)、沟道两旁雨养区(WN)、坡面（水肥一体化）灌溉施肥区(DF)和沟道两旁（水肥一体化）灌溉施肥区(WF)桑椹的果长、果径、体积、质量、密度、果形指数和糖度的差异。结果表明：（1）灌溉施肥可以影响桑椹结果的物候特征,加速桑椹成熟。（2）灌溉施肥、微地形、灌溉施肥和微地形的交互作用对鲜桑椹的果长、果径、体积和果形指数具有极显著影响。（3）成熟度可以显著影响鲜桑椹的果长、果径和体积,但对鲜桑椹果形指数的影响不显著。 （4）在灌溉施肥条件(DF、WF)下,桑椹的成熟度越高,其密度和质量越高;在DN区,过成熟桑椹的密度和质量显著高于刚成熟和正成熟的桑椹;而在WN区,正成熟桑椹的密度质量显著高于过成熟和刚成熟的桑椹密度。（5）平均糖度最高的为WF区的过成熟桑椹,平均糖度高达18.01%,而最低的为WN区的刚成熟桑椹,平均糖度仅为11.76%。（6）DN区和WN区桑椹的商品性状的差异主要是外形和糖度的差异,WN区的桑椹比DN区糖度低、外形大。（7）WF区桑椹与DF区桑椹的商品性状差异不大。上述结果揭示了水分和养分供给调控桑椹商品性状的内在机制,即水分供应可促进鲜桑椹变大变重,施肥可让鲜桑椹口味更甜。

Effects of Water and Fertilizer Integration on Commodity Characters of Fresh Mulberry Under Different Micro-topographic Conditions

To explore the coupling effect of water and fertilizer integration technology on mulberry orchards in rain-fed areas of hot and dry valleys, fresh mulberries in Yanbian County were studied. The study area was divided into four types: slope rain-fed area (DN), channel rain-fed area (WN), slope fertilization area (DF) and channel fertilization area (WF). The differences in fruit length, fruit diameter, volume, weight, density, fruit shape index and sugar content of mulberries in four types of regions were compared. The results showed that: (1) fertilization could affect the phenological characteristics of mulberry fruits and accelerate mulberry maturation; (2) fertilization, micro-topography, integrated fertilization and micro-topography had significant effects on fruit length, fruit diameter, volume and fruit shape index of fresh mulberry; (3) maturity could significantly affect fruit length, diameter and volume of fresh mulberry, but had no significant effect on fruit shape index of fresh mulberry; (4) in DF and WF, the higher the maturity, the higher the density and quality of mulberry; in DN, the density and quality of over-mature mulberry were significantly higher than those of just-ripe and full-ripe mulberry; however, in WN, the density and quality of mature mulberry were significantly higher than those of over-ripe and just-ripe mulberry; (5) the highest average sugar content was over-mature mulberry in WF, with an average sugar content of 18.01%, while the lowest was just mature mulberry in WN, with an average sugar content of 11.76%; (6) the differences of commercial characters of mulberry in DN and WN were mainly the differences of shape and sugar content; mulberry in WN had lower sugar content and larger size than that in DN; (7) there was no significant difference in commercial traits between mulberries in WF and DF. These results reveal the internal mechanism of water and nutrient supply regulating the commodity characters of mulberry, that is, water supply can promote the growth and weight of fresh mulberry, and fertilization can make fresh mulberry sweeter.