东北大豆杀菌剂减施增效技术研究

为了解决东北大豆产区杀菌剂选择混乱、剂量偏大及施用方法不当等诸多问题,试验于2018年进行,分为3个处理。减施增效处理以种植抗病品种为核心,采用根瘤菌剂与枯草芽孢杆菌可湿性粉剂防控大豆根腐病,采用自发研制的大豆叶面遮盖剂防治大豆灰斑病,与常规化学药剂处理和不施药处理进行大面积比对试验。随机取点调查根腐病、大豆灰斑病病情指数及产量等性状,计算效益。结果表明：减施增效处理的根腐病及灰斑病病情指数均为最低,分别达17.96%和27.18%。根腐病的防效为64.08%,极显著优于化学药剂处理,大豆灰斑病的防效为72.97%,显著优于化学药剂处理。减施增效处理产量最高,达3914.40 kg/hm²,极显著高于对照处理,其增收效益为1067.70元。减施增效处理,既减少了杀菌剂的施用量,又提高了产量,获得收益也有所增加,为国家2020年实现化肥农药零增长提供了一定的参考。

Fungicides on Soybean in Northeast China: Reducing Application and Increasing Efficiency

The study aims to solve the problems of disordered selection of fungicides, excessive dosage and improper application methods in soybean production areas in northeast China. In 2018, 3 treatments were conducted in the field. The treatment of reducing fungicide application and increasing efficiency was based on planting disease-resistant varieties, and using rhizobium agent and Bacillus subtilis wettable powder to control soybean root rot, and leaf covering powder to control frogeye leaf spot, and large-area comparison tests were carried out between the above mentioned treatment and conventional chemical treatment and non-administration treatment. Random point survey was used to investigate soybean root rot index, frogeye leaf spot index and yield of soybean, then, the benefits were calculated. The results showed that: the disease indexes of root rot and frogeye leaf spot under reducing fungicide application and increasing efficiency were the lowest, 17.96% and 27.18%, respectively; the control effect of root rot was 64.08%, which was extremely superior to that of chemical treatment; the control effect of soybean frogeye leaf spot was 72.97%, which was significantly better than that of chemical treatment; the yield of reducing fungicide application and increasing efficiency reached 3914.40 kg/hm², which was significantly higher than that of the control treatment, and the final benefit was 1067.70 Yuan more. The reducing fungicide application and increasing efficiency could not only reduce the dosage, but also increase the yield and income, and the study provides a research foundation for realizing the zero growth of fungicide in 2020.