多后型红火蚁工蚁和蚁后毒液生物碱成分的比较

摘要：本文通过自制毛细吸管吸取入侵红火蚁(Solenopsis invicta Burns)工蚁和蚁后的毒液，并用气质联用分析了毒液的主要成分。通过保留时间和质谱离子碎片数据，并与国外相关报道比较分析得出：入红火蚁毒液中主要成分为2-甲基-6-烷基或烯基哌啶生物碱，仅有6位取代烃基碳链长短和烯键有无及顺反异构的差异。工蚁毒液中的六种主要生物碱都是反式结构，按哌啶环6位烷烃取代基碳原子数及出峰先后顺序分别为：C11，C13:1，C13，C15:1，C15，C17:1（1代表双键数）。根据气相色谱峰面积计算工蚁毒液六种主要生物碱的含量比例约为1.5%,15.6%,17.5%,43.8%,19.1%,2.5% ；蚁后毒液生物碱主要为正式和反式C11，它们的含量分别占蚁后毒液总量的比例约为62.6%和26.6%，还有少量正式和反式C13:1和C13。本文还对入侵红火蚁毒液生物碱的功能及研究进展进行了讨论。

GC-MS analysis main venom alkaloids of Solenopsis invicta

Abstract: The venom of worker and queen of red imported fire ant (RIFA Solenopsis invicta Burns) were extracted using self-made microcapillary. The alkaloids were studied by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Six major venom alkaloids were detected in worker venom which are all trans 2-methyl-6-alkyl or alkenyl pepdine according to mass spectral data and relative report on S.invicta. In order of the retention time six main alkaloids in worker venom are C11, C13:1, C13, C15:1, C15, C17:1, respectively, which take proportion of 1.5%, 15.6%, 17.5%, 43.8%, 19.1%,2.5% in six main alkaloids according to the peak area of the GC. The main alkaloids of the queen are cis and trans C11，it takes proportion of 62.6% and 26.6% in six main alkaloids of queen venom. There still have minor cis and trans C13:1 and C13 in queen’s venom too. The function and the lately research on alkaloids of red imported fire ant are discussed also.