Genetic gain in yield and changes associated with physiological traits in Brazilian wheat during the 20th century |
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| Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;2. International Rice Research Institute, DAPO Box 7777, Metro Manila 1301, Philippines;1. Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK;2. Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK;3. John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK;4. NIAB, Cambridge CB3 OLE, UK;5. Azotic Technologies, Nottingham NG1 1GF, UK;1. CSIRO Agriculture and Food, PO Box 1700 Canberra ACT, 2601, Australia;2. Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, AgriBio Centre for AgriBiosciences, 5 Ring Rd, La Trobe University, Bundoora 3086, Australia;3. The Australian National University, Research School of Biology, Canberra ACT, 2601, Australia;1. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (CITNOBA-CONICET-UNNOBA-UNSADA), Argentina;2. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) en INTA, Centro Regional Buenos Aires Norte, Estación Experimental Pergamino, INTA, Argentina;3. Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina;4. Estación Experimental Pergamino INTA, Argentina;1. Division of Plant and Crop Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK;2. CIMMYT International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Km. 45, Carretera Mexico, El Batan, Texcoco, Mexico;3. Agronomy Dept., University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA |
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| Abstract: | The objective of this study was to characterize physiologically wheat cultivars released in different decades and identify selection criteria for the continued genetic progress in Brazil. Ten cultivars released from 1940 up to 2009 were tested during 2010 and 2011 crop seasons. The following traits were evaluated: grain yield (GY), thousand-kernel weight (TKW), grain number per m?2 (GN), plant height (PH), harvest index (HI), above-ground biomass (BIO), relative Chlorophyll content and leaf gas exchanges. The increase in grain yield was 29 kg ha?1 yr?1 a genetic gain of 0.92%, annually. Grain yield improvement was largely associated with HI (0.94**), number of grains m?2 (0.93**), BIO (0.88**) and reduced PH (?0.93**). The post-anthesis Chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance and pre/post-anthesis photosynthetic rate were positively correlated with GY. Genetic gains of Brazilian wheat are mainly related to the increases of HI, GN, and BIO. These improvements were achieved by reducing PH and raising gas exchanges and chlorophyll content. |
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| Keywords: | Genetic gain Grain yield Photosynthetic traits Above-ground biomass |
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