Quantifying growth and development of bulb turnips |
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| Institution: | 1. Pellissippi State Community College, Knoxville, TN 37933-0990, United States;2. Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States;3. 2825 39th Street NW, Washington, DC 20007, United States;1. CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, PO Box 218, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia;2. CSIRO Computational Informatics, 65 Brockway Road, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia;1. Faculty of Biology, Department of Geobotany, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany;2. Department of Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 21-23, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;3. German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Deutscher Platz 5e, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;4. Institute for Landscape Biochemistry, Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Strasse 84, 15374 Müncheberg, Germany;5. Swiss Federal Research Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Birmensdorferstr. 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland;6. Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), 14195 Berlin, Germany;1. Departamento de Fruticultura y Enología, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile;2. DATACHEM AgroFood Group, Escuela de Ing. de Alimentos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Waddington 716, Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile;3. Tropical Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 18905 S.W. 280 Street, Homestead, FL 33031, USA;4. Facultad Tecnológica, Universidad Santiago de Chile, Obispo Umaña 050, Estación Central, Santiago, Chile;5. Escuela de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Viña del Mar, Agua Santa 7055, Viña del Mar, Chile |
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| Abstract: | Bulb brassicas are used as supplementary feed in intensive pastures systems. However, there is a lack of quantitative data to define their growth and development. This has limited the creation and use of prediction models and decision support systems. Thus a field experiment measured growth and development of ‘Barkant’ and ‘Green Globe’ turnips sown on five dates from November 2008 to March 2009. In a second field experiment ‘Green Globe’ turnips were sown on four dates from December 2009 to March 2010, under two ground cover treatments that changed mean soil temperature by ～2 °C. Bulb initiation was defined botanically as when the hypocotyl was 10 mm thick, at 360 °Cd (±13.0) for ‘Barkant’ and 420 °Cd (±13.7) (Tb = 3.6 °C) for ‘Green Globe’. However, the bulb participation in dry matter production occurs after an 18 mm hypocotyl thickness, which occurred at ～500 °Cd for both turnip cultivars. A single base parameter of 0.995 described the exponential decline of the leaf:bulb ratio. Relationships also described how leaf production and total leaf area expansion changed up until bulb initiation. Radiation use efficiency (RUE) ranged from 1.13 to 1.33 g DM/MJ total. A constant rate of total leaf area expansion (0.015 m2/m2/°Cd) was obtained up to LAIc for ‘Green Globe’ turnips. A third pot experiment confirmed the thermal time requirement to bulb initiation based on direct assessment of the hypocotyl thickening of ‘Barkant’ and ‘Green Globe’ turnips. Temperature was shown as the main driver of bulb development and growth. The relationships provided could be used to improve the performance of prediction models. |
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| Keywords: | Degree days Heat units Thermal time |
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