Effects of controlled irrigation and drainage on growth,grain yield and water use in paddy rice |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Key Laboratory of Efficient Irrigation-Drainage and Agricultural Soil-Water Environment in Southern China, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210098, PR China;2. College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China;3. School of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, PR China;1. State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China;2. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;3. Development of Agricultural Ecological Environment, Jiaxing Academy of Agricultural Science, Jiaxing 314016, China;4. College of Forest Resources and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;5. College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China;6. Institute of Food Crops, Jiangsu High Quality Rice R & D Center, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China;7. Department of Plant and Soil Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA;1. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, 4031 Laguna, Philippines;2. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany;3. Lindsay Corporation, Omaha, NE, USA;1. National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, 496 Izumi, Chikugo, Fukuoka 833-0041, Japan;2. National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, 2421 Suya, Koushi, Kumamoto 861-1192, Japan;3. National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, National Institute of Crop Science, 2-1-18 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8518, Japan;1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;2. Department of Crop Science, Section of Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Goettingen, 37075 Goettingen, Germany;3. Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT-IMK-IFU), 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany;1. Soil Ecology Lab, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People’s Republic of China;2. Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210014, People’s Republic of China;3. Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, People’s Republic of China;4. Wuhu Dongyuan New Rural Development Co., LTD, Wuhu 241000, People’s Republic of China |
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| Abstract: | Rice is subjected to excessive waterlogging and flash-flooding on large areas in south China. A study on water use, growth and yield effects of controlled irrigation and drainage (CID) of paddy rice at four stages was conducted in specially designed experimental tanks. The treatments were (1) CID during Stage I of tillering stage (CID-Stage I), (2) CID during Stage II of booting stage (CID-Stage II), (3) CID during Stage III of heading to flowering stage (CID-Stage III), (4) CID during Stage IV of milky stage (CID-Stage IV), (5) alternate wetting and drying irrigation during the whole stage (CK). Compared with CK, CID reduced drainage volume with 15.8–31.3% in 2008, and 13.5–28.3% in 2009, and increased the efficiency of available rainfall and irrigation by 1.98–3.46% in both years. Irrigation water application during the whole growing season across the 2 years, on average, was only 81.8%, 91.1%, 93.9%, and 94.5%, respectively, of that applied to CK. A strong reduction in root length, root weight, root-shoot ratio and harvest index were observed, however, shoot weight and total dry mass is increased from the treatments of CID-Stage II, CID-Stage III and CID-Stage IV. The highest radiation use efficiency values were for CID-Stage IV. The responses of CID from vegetative plants at Stage I and Stage II were greater than in generative plants at the latter two stages. CID-Stage II had only a small effect on subsequent development and grain yield. This decrease in grain yield to less than 7.88% and 5.72% of CK was due to reduced number of spikelets per panicle in one trial, and reduced panicle number per unit area in another. The CID-Stage I treatment showed the lowest grain yield among the treatments and reduced it by 23.3% in 2008 and by 17.3% in 2009, due to the decreases in the percentage of filled grains and total number of panicles. The effect of stress was associated with low dry matter production during the flooding stress period as well as during the stress withdrawal period following the stress. With regards to irrigation water use efficiency, it was increased under the first two treatments, and by from a minimum of 101% to a maximum of 110%. |
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| Keywords: | Rice Growth Water use Yield Controlled irrigation and drainage |
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